Using APA Reference Format

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Using APA Reference Format

• Comp 1013
• University of Minnesota, Crookston
• Mary M. Pringle, Ph.D.

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Using APA Reference Format

• APA (American Psychological Association) format
  is the standard for academic publications in the
  social sciences.
• Other disciplines, and even specific publications
  within disciplines, use slightly different
  formats.

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Using APA Reference Format

• What they all have in common is that certain
  fields are always set up the same way this way,
  readers who know the format immediately
  understand the publication information.
• For example, in APA format, the date field is
  always the second item and is enclosed in
  parentheses, while in MLA format, the date comes
  last.

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Using APA Reference Format
In APA format, the date is the second field,
enclosed in parentheses with a period outside the
parentheses. Everything matters!

• APA
• Evans, J. J. (2003). Dreamweaver MX complete
  course. New York Wiley Publishing.
• MLA
• Evans, Joyce J. Dreamweaver MX Complete Course.
  New York Wiley Publishing, 2003.

(2003)
In MLA format, the date field come right after
the publisher field, with no parentheses. This is
different!
2003
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Using APA Reference Format

• If you look closely at the previous examples, you
  will see other differences between the APA and
  MLA citations.
• They are all intentional, and they are all
  significant!
• From this point on, we will look only at APA
  examples.

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Using APA Reference Format

• The full APA paper style is for people who are
  submitting manuscripts for publication.
• Manuscript style is set up to be easy to track
  and identify, and easy to edit.
• However, it is not an attractive or appropriate
  format for publication.

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Using APA Reference Format

• You can see a sample of standard APA manuscript
  format at http//www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/social
  _sciences/pdf/RD-Shaw.pdf

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Using APA Reference Format

• This is not an acceptable appearance for a
  published document, so we will use APA format to
  list our references and cite them in the text,
  but we will use a slightly different overall
  document format, which you can view at
  http//sunny.crk.umn.edu/courses/CompPrin/1013e/Fo
  rmatExample.doc

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Using APA Reference Format

• There is an entire book devoted to APA format,
  but Ch. 15 of Lester Lester has everything we
  need to cite sources for the Comp 1013 projects.

Click on the image to go to the webpage for the
Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association.
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Using APA Reference Format

• Within APA reference format, each type of
  document has its own stylebooks, reports,
  journal articles, newspaper articles are all a
  little different from each other.
• We are working with online sources, so we want to
  master at least the most common kinds of online
  documentation.

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Using APA Reference Format

• Ideally, an online citation will have information
  for all of these fields in the following order

Author/editor last name, initials, and a period.
(1998, October).
McDonough, W., Braungart, M.
(year of publication include month and day for
magazine and newspaper articles).
Title of article with optional description, e.g.,
Online version only first word and proper
nouns begin with a capital letter.
The next industrial revolution.
The Atlantic Monthly,
282(4).
8292.
Retrieved July 18, 2003, from http//www.theatlant
ic.com/issues/98oct/industry.htm
Name of Website, Magazine, Newspaper, or Journal
(italics, all initial caps).
Volume number of journal, if given, in italics.
Page numbers, if info is given for printed
version.
Retrieved date of access from
http//fullURL.html
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Using APA Reference Format
If there is a volume number, dont use pp.
Dont forget the period here.

• Again, the basic fields

The issue number, if any, follows immediately in
parentheses (no italics).
There is a period here if there is no volume
number otherwise, its a comma.
Author/editor last name, initials, and a period.
(year of publication include month and day for
magazine and newspaper articles).
Title of article with optional description, e.g.,
Abstract only first word and proper nouns
begin with a capital letter.
Name of Website, Magazine, Newspaper, or Journal
(italics, all initial caps),
Volume number of journal, if given, in italics.
Page numbers, if info is given for printed
version.
Retrieved date of access from
http//fullURL.html
No period after the URL. Please make sure the URL
is live.
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Using APA Reference Format

• And a sample citation

(1998, October).
McDonough, W., Braungart, M.
The next industrial revolution.
The Atlantic Monthly,
282(4).
8292.
Retrieved July 18, 2003, from http//www.theatlant
ic.com/issues/98oct/industry.htm
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Using APA Reference Format

• Q Many online sources do not give an individual
  author namewhat should I do?
• A There are two possibilities

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Using APA Reference Format

• The author may be a corporate entity such as the
  U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
• U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2003,
  July 10). Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
  (BSE)Backgrounder Release No. bg0166.03 .
  Retrieved July 18, 2003, from http//www.usda.gov/
  news/releases/2003/05/bg0166.htm

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Using APA Reference Format

• You may have to put the title in the author
  field.
• Slaughter on suspicion Vermont Reprint from
  AP/CNN. (2001, March 10). The Official Mad Cow
  Disease Homepage. Retrieved July 18, 2003, from
  http//www.mad-cow.org/00/mar01_last.htmlaaa

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Using APA Reference Format

• Check Lester Lester, pp. 292295 for more
  information.
• Be sure to list your sources in alphabetical
  order according to the first word in the citation
  (usually the author last name).
• You can also use a numbered list system if you
  have too many sites with no author (ask your
  instructor about it).

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Using APA Reference Format

• Note that references should be formatted with
  hanging indents.
• In Word, select your reference list, click on
  Format/Paragraph, and set as the next slide
  illustrates. Then click OK.

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Using APA Reference Format
Hanging indent set at 0.3 in.
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Using APA Reference Format

• The final important consideration is how to cite
  sources correctly in the text.
• Please read Lester Lester, Ch. 8 before you
  start.
• Then read pp. 279286 for details.

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Using APA Reference Format

• The most common way to cite is to put the author
  and date separated by a comma in parentheses
  after the cited material.
• E.g., There is no reason to stop eating beef
  unless you are concerned about your health
  (Smith, 2003).

(Smith, 2003)
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Using APA Reference Format

• If there is no author, list the first few words
  of the title in quotes rather than the author,
  e.g., (New Data, 2003).
• Note that all of the words in the short title
  start with uppercase letters.

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Using APA Reference Format

• Another common way to cite in the text is to say
  something like Smith (2003) states or
  According to Smith (2003), .
• Be sure that you understand the difference
  between paraphrase and direct quotesboth have to
  be cited as long as youre using someone elses
  words and ideas.

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Using APA Reference Format

• If you have any questions about the details of
  citing sources, be sure to look for the answer on
  a reliable website such as the Purdue Online
  Writing Lab or the UMC Library APA page.
• If you cant find the answer yourself, ask your
  instructor, who loves to share this information!

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