Biology 212 Anatomy

1
Biology 212Anatomy Physiology

• Dr. Thompson
• Endocrine System

2
Endocrine System
3
Endocrine System
4
Hormones Three major chemical groups 1)

5
Hormones Three major chemical groups 2)
6
Hormones Three major chemical groups 3)
7
Endocrine System
8
Hormones can produce a variety of changes in
their target cells - - - - - -
9
A specific hormone can only affect cells which
have specific receptors for it on their plasma
membranes.
10
Any single hormone can have only one effect on
any specific target cells, but it may affect
different types of target cells in different
ways. For example, epinephrine can
Stimulate contraction of smooth muscle cells in
arterioles of intestines Inhibit
contraction of smooth muscle cells in
arterioles of leg muscles Stimulate cardiac
muscle cells to contract more quickly
Stimulate sweat glands to secrete sweat
Stimulate liver cells to release glucose into the
blood Stimulate fat cells to break down and
release fats into the blood
11
The effect of a hormone on its target cells can
be changed (increased or decreased) by -
Changing - Changing - Changing
Downregulation
Upregulation
12
(No Transcript)
13
Pituitary Gland
14
Anterior pituitary
15

• 1) Growth Hormone
• 2) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
• 4) Prolactin
• 5) Follicle Stimulating Hormone
• 6) Luteinizing Hormone

16
Posterior pituitary
17
1) Oxytocin 2) Antidiuretic
Hormone
18
Thyroid Gland
19
Thyroid Gland
20
Thyroid Gland
21
Triiodothyronine tetraiodothyronine Cal
citonin
22
Parathyroid Glands
23
Adrenal Glands
24
Adrenal Medulla
25
(No Transcript)
26
Adrenal Cortex Secretes more than
twenty different steroid hormones, collectively
called the
Secretory cells arranged in three concentric
layers, each of which secretes a specific group
of corticosteroids. From superficial to deep
- - -
27
Cells in zona glomerulosa
28
Cells in zona fasciculata
29
Cells in zona reticularis
30
Pancreas
31
Pancreas
Primarily an exocrine gland 99 of cells
secretes digestive enzymes into small intestine

32
Pancreas
Primarily an exocrine gland 99 of cells
secretes digestive enzymes into small intestine

33
Pancreatic Islets
Alpha cells Beta cells
34
Diabetes Mellitus Two forms INSULIN DEPENDENT
(Type I Juvenile-onset)
NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT (Type II
Adult-onset)

35
Gonads
36
Gonads
Produce most of the steroid sex hormones Testes

37
Gonads
Produce most of the steroid sex
hormones Ovaries
38
Many other organs also contain cells tissues
which secrete hormones. Examples Kidney
Renin (blood pressure)
Erythropoietin (erythrocyte development)
Calciferol (blood calcium) Heart
Atrial natriuretic hormone (blood
sodium) Liver Angiotensin (blood
pressure) Thymus Thymopoietin (lymphocyte
development) Stomach Cholecystokinin (gall
bladder contraction) Secretin
(pancreas secretion) Intestine Gastrin
(stomach function)