WHAT IS BIOENGINEERING

1
WHAT IS BIOENGINEERING?

• Bruce C. Wheeler, Director,
• Bioengineering Program
• University of Illinois
• at Urbana-Champaign

2
Background to these Notes

• These notes were originally created as a
  presentation at Engineering Your Future, a
  convocation for high school seniors run by the
  Women in Engineering Program, in November 2001.
  Subsequently this presentation has been given at
  the UIUC Undergraduate Bioengineering Advising
  Fair. They are published on the web to meet heavy
  demand for information about Bioengineering in
  general and the UIUC Bioengineering Program in
  particular.
• We anticipate that the Bioengineering Program
  will become a department by Fall 2003 and begin
  admitting freshmen in Fall 2004. Because of the
  rapidly changing nature of the program, the
  content of these notes is subject to change at
  any time.

3
What is Bioengineering?

• Any Area of Biology
• Mixed with
• Any Area of Engineering
• In
• Any Proportion

4
Example Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Electrical Engineers electromagnetics
• Computer Engineers/Scientists computation
• Physiologists biological function
• Chemists new imaging agents
• Psychologists mental function
• Physicians medical implications

5
More Bioengineering Examples

• Artificial Skin
• Materials Scientist artificial polymers
• Cell Biologist tissue reaction
• EKG Machine
• Engineers electronics
• CS automated diagnosis
• Physician medical design
• Pharmaceutical Production
• Molecular Biologist receptor / ligand
  identification
• Genetic Engineer induce bacteria to produce
  molecules
• Chemical Engineer scaleup of production

6
Examples of Engineers in Medicine and Biology

• Materials Science Implants (e.g. artificial
  hip) 
• Electrical Engineering Cardiac Signals
• Computer Science computer data bases, programs,
  bioinformatics
• Computer Engineering computer design for CAT
  scanners
• Physics basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

7
Examples of Engineers in Medicine and Biology

• Chemical Engineering Pharmaceuticals
• Mechanical Engineering Rehabilitation Devices
• Nuclear Engineering Radiology
• Civil Engineering Environmental problems
• Agricultural Engineering Food Processing

8
Areas Emerging inEngineering of Biology

• Bioinformatics (Genetic / Proteomic Data Base,
  Design, Inquiry)
• BioMolecular Modeling
• Genetic Engineering of Animals
• Genetic Engineering of Proteins, Drugs
• Cell and Tissue Engineering
• Neural Engineering
• Biomaterials

9
Programs Related to Bioengineering

• Environmental Engineering
• Sponsored by the Dept. of Civil and Environmental
  Engineering (http//cee.ce.uiuc.edu/)
• Includes water, soil, air quality control and
  protection
• Agricultural Engineering
• Sponsored by the Dept. of Agricultural
  Engineering (http//www.age.uiuc.edu/)
• often called Agricultural and Biosystems
  Engineering Includes food processing, farm and
  indoor environmental control

10
More Programs Related to Bioengineering

• Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering
  Department and Degree Program
• Biomaterials concentration in Materials Science
  and Engineering
• Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department
  and Degree Program

11
What Do I Need to Study to be a Bioengineer?

• Short Answer 1 Everything
• Short Answer 2 Depends
• -- on what interests you most

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What Do I Need to Study?

• Mathematics
• Calculus through Differential Equations
• Physics (calculus based)
• Mechanics, Electromagnetics, Modern Physics
• Chemistry
• Through Organic and Biochemistry
• Biology
• Strong in Molecular Biology, but also Cellular
  and Systems Physiology

13
What Do I Need to Study?Approaches 1 and 2

• Choose one major and one minor from traditional
  disciplines
• 1. Engineering Side Electrical Engineering,
  Mechanical, Chemical, Materials, Nuclear,
  Computer Science
• 2. Life Science Side Molecular and Cellular
  Biology, Physiology, Cell Biology, Microbiology
• Anticipate possible need for one more year to
  double major to achieve career objectives

14
Major in the area you like better ...

• "If you could be either an engineer or a
  biologist, but not both, which would it be?"
• Major in that field ... and minor in the other.
• Yes, you can go to Biomed. Eng. grad school from
  either the Life Sciences or Engineering
• but not if you do not have the basics
  calculus, physics, chem, biochem, at least some
  beginning engineering coursework and some
  beginning life science coursework

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Approach 3 Bioengineering Degree(coming to the
UIUC for the Class of 2008)

• Math, physics, chemistry, biology core, CS
• Bioengineering Core
• Instrumentation/circuits, biomaterials,
  biomechanics
• Concentration in one of
• Engineering discipline EE, ME,
• Life science discipline Physiology, Cell Biology
  
• Topical area microsensors, bioinformatics,
  tissue engineering,
• Anticipate possible need for an extra year to
  receive the MS degree to achieve career objectives

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Why the Extra Year of Study?

• Theres too much to learn in four years
• Four years will prepare you for
• Graduate school
• Medical school (if courses are well-chosen)
• Engineering in a traditional major, including
  applications in biomedical area
• Life science positions, including applications
  with significant engineering components
• But not for
• Bioengineering positions in which advanced
  knowledge in both life science and engineering
  are required

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Bioengineering at the UIUCis in transition

• 50 Faculty from
• Engineering, Life Sciences, Veterinary Medicine
• 250 students involved
• Engineering (50), Life Sciences (200)
• Academic Offerings
• Undergrad / grad courses
• Research
• Advising
• Not a Degree-Granting Program Yet!!
• Anticipate admitting freshmen in 2004

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What Can Current Engineering Students Study in
the Bioengineering Related Areas?

• Major in MatSE (biomaterials concentration),
  NucE (radiology curriculum), ChemE (molecular
  biology option coming soon), EE (lots of BioE/ECE
  electives), Gen Eng (BioE secondary field), CS
  (application sequences in Bio, Biochem), ME,
  Aero, TAM ...
• Minor in BioMedical Engineering (22 hrs)
• Instrumentation Organic Chemistry Physiology
• Bioengineering Electives
• Other Bioengineering minor specializations
• Biomolecular, Bioprocess, Cell Tissue

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Notes for Engineering Students in the Class of
2006 who want to study Bioengineering

• Dont forget to take enough Chemistry
• If you have AP credit for Chem 101/102, talk to
  the Chemistry advisors about lab experiences and
  how best to prepare for Organic Chem and Biochem
• AP Biology Credit does not cover the minor but it
  is better preparation than having taken nothing
• Physiol 103 (Human Physiology) is a good course
  to find out if you like biology enough to pursue
  bioengineering
• Look at what the MCB students take to understand
  how much biology you need

20
Medical School for Engineers

• Yes, many Engineers do so. Acceptance rates are
  good, but medical school is very competitive.
• If you only want to go to med school, choose LAS
  Biology.
• Premeds dominate Bioengineering Degree Programs
  across the U.S.
• See the Career Services Office Immediately to
  Plan your Courses, Volunteering, Etc.

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What Can Current LAS Life Science StudentsStudy
in Bioengineering Related Areas?

• For students entering in 2001 and later
• 1. Major in Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB)
• 2. Complete an Emphasis in Bioinformatics
  Computational Biology or Biophysics or perhaps
  Physiology
• 3. Use Electives to Build Engineering
  Fundamentals
• 4. Consult with Life Science Advising Office, 127
  Burrill Hall
• Notes choose Math 130 over Stat 100 choose
  Phycs 111-114 instead of Phycs 101-102
• http//www.life.uiuc.edu/mcb/undergraduate/index.h
  tml

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What Can Current LAS Life Science StudentsStudy
in Bioengineering Related Areas?

• For students who entered in 2000 or earlier
• Bioengineering Option in Life Sciences
  curriculum
• Math thru 285 Chem thru 231, 234 Phycs thru 114
• Biol 120/121/122 Physl 301/302/304
• 9 hours of Engineering or Bioengineering from a
  list
• http//www.life.uiuc.edu/advising/bioeng.html

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LAS MCB Summary

• MCB Major
• Math 120/130 Chem thru 231/234 Physics thru
  114
• IB 150 / MCB 150 MCB 250-254
• Bioinformatics Computational Biology Emphasis.
  Add
• Computational Courses CS 101 5 hours
• Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
  Electives 7 hours
• MCB Electives
• Biophysics. Add
• Bioph 301 either Biochem 352 or Physl 302
  Adv. Crses.
• Physiology. Add
• Physl 301/2 one lab four advanced courses

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Suggested Use of Free Electivesfor MCB Students

• Min Hours to Graduate LAS 120 Engrg 128
• MCB major requires approx. 75 hours
• Gen Ed (excluding foreign language) 25 hours
  additional
• Remaining 20 to 30 hours for electives including
  building a bioengineering concentration
• Cant do everything e.g., foreign languages and
  other minors take time

25
Suggestions for New MCB Students Focused Use of
Electives
Life Science Electives

• There are a lot of Biotechnology Opportunities
  that Emphasize Life Science / Biochem Courses.
  Take as many as possible
• Choose additional courses from the Emphases in
  Physiology, Cell Structural Biology or
  Microbiology or Biochem

Engineering / Computer Science Electives

• Pick an Existing Engineering Major
• Take as many as possible of the courses in that
  major typically, sophomore and junior level
  courses

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Notes for LAS Life Science Students Who Wish to
Pursue Bioengineering

• Take calculus based physics 111/112/113/114
• An incomplete list of engineering related courses
  for your consideration
• BioE related BioE 314/315 Bioinstrumentation
  BioE 375, 376 Neural Modeling BioE 280 Medical
  Imaging BioE 371 Biomaterials BioE 306
  Biomechanics ChE 375/385 Biomolecular Engrg
• Math Math 120/130/242/285 Math 225 Linear
  Algebra Stat 310 Statistics
• Engineering Basics ECE 205/6 Circuits/Lab ECE
  373/374 acoustics/ultrasonics CS 101/257/300/311
  thru data bases and numerical techniques Phycs
  343/344 Electronic Circuits TAM 150/152/212
  mechanics fundamentals MatSE 200 Intro to
  Materials GE 222 control systems
• Remember that most BS Bioengineering degree
  students take at least 30 hours of engineering
  courses beyond physics, calculus, chem

27
Suggestions for New MCB Students Focused Use of
Electives ECE/BioEn Emphasis

• Take as many as possible
• ECE 205 (3 hrs Circuits), GE 222 (4 hrs Control
  Systems)
• BioEn 314/315 (3/2 hrs Bioinstrumentation Lab)
• ECE 373 (3 hrs Acoustics)
• ECE 375 (3 hrs Modeling Biological Systems)
• Total 18 hours

28
Suggestions for New MCB Students Focused Use of
Electives MechE/BioEn Emphasis

• Take as many as possible
• TAM 152/212/221 (3/3/3 hrs Statics/Dynamics/
  Solid Mechanics)
• Bioen 306 (3 hrs Orthopedic Biomechanics)
• or GE 293 MHM (3 hrs Biomechanics)
• TAM 393 G (3 hrs) Cell and Tissue Biomechanics
• Bioen xxx (3 hrs Biomaterials)
• Total 18 hours

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Suggestions for New MCB Students Focused Use of
Electives Biomaterials Emphasis

• Take as many as possible
• MatSE 201/206 (3/4 hrs Phase Relations/
  Mechanics)
• MatSE 301/306 (4/3 hrs Thermodynamics)
• MatSE 370/372 (3/1 hrs Design of Biomaterials /
  Lab)
• MatSE 373 (3 hrs Biomolecular Mat. Sci.)
• Total 21 hours

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Bioengineering Department is Coming

• Will offer BS, MS, and PhD in Bioengineering
• Engineering College Department
• Expected Timetable
• Department is official Fall 2003
• First Freshmen Fall 2004
• First Grad Students Fall 2003

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Curricular Emphases

• Engineering Science Core (calculus, physics,
  chemistry, biology, biochem, CS)
• Bioengineering Core instrumentation, mechanics,
  biophysics, molecular biology
• Concentration areas
• Electrical instrumentation, microdevices,
  electronics
• Computational informatics, computation
• Biomechanics, biomaterials
• Biochemical, molecular biological
• Physiological cellular, tissue, organ levels

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Recommendations for the College Class of 2006

• Essential Preparation Includes
• Science Fundamentals Chem, Biol, Physics, Math
• Academic Concentration a major in an engineering
  discipline or in Molecular and Cellular Biology
• Enthusiasm junior / senior research project
• Existing majors will launch students into
  bioengineering careers, medical or graduate school

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Example Biomed Eng CurriculumBiomed Courses (25
hours of Core)

• Introduction to Biomedical Materials 3 hrs
• Biomedical Signals and Systems 4 hrs
• Modeling of Biomedical Systems 3 hrs
• Biomedical Instrumentation 3 hrs
• Biomedical Engineering Laboratory I 2 hrs
• Biomedical Engineering Laboratory II 2 hrs
• Biomedical Computer Simulation Lab 1 hr
• Biomedical Instrumentation Lab 1 hr
• Design for Biomedical Engineers 3 hrs
• Senior Project 3 hrs

Source Case Western Reserve University
34
For Comparison BME Curriculum in Biopolymers

• Semester One
• Intro to Biomed Eng 3
• Chemistry for Eng 4
• Calculus I 4
• Expository Writing 3
• Elem Computer Prog 3

• Semester Two
• Chemistry of Materials 4
• Calculus II 4
• General Physics I 4
• Humanities / Soc. Science 3

Source Case Western Reserve University
35
For Comparison BME Curriculum in Biopolymers

• Semester Three
• Physiology - Biophysics I 3
• Calculus III 3
• Physics II 4
• Organic Chemistry 1 3
• Intro to Polymer Science 3
• Organic Chemistry Lab 2

• Semester Four
• Physiology - Biophysics II 3
• Intro to Dynamic Systems 3
• Circuits Instrumentation 4
• Mechanics and Materials 3
• Science or open elective 3

Source Case Western Reserve University
36
For Comparison BME Curriculum in Biopolymers

• Semester Five
• Biomed Eng Lab I 2
• Profession Communication 3
• Intro to Biomaterials 3
• Biomed Signals Circuits 4
• Physical Chemistry 3
• Hum. / Social Science 3

• Semester Six
• Biomed Engineering Lab II 2
• Biomed Instrumentation 3
• BME Instrumentation Lab 1
• Thermo/Fluids/Heat/MassXfr 4
• Structure of Bio.Materials 3
• Hum. / Social Science 3

Source Case Western Reserve University
37
For Comparison BME Curriculum in Biopolymers

• Semester Seven
• Senior Project 3
• Stats for Engr Science 3
• Open or science elective 3
• Tech. Elec. 3
• Hum. / Social Science 3

• Semester Eight
• Model Biomed Systems 3
• BME Comp. Simulate Lab 1
• Tech. Elec. 3
• Tech. Elec. 3
• Hum. / Social Science 3
• Hum. / Social Science 3

Source Case Western Reserve University
38
For Comparison BME Curriculum in Biopolymers

• Technical Electives (take 3)
• Artificial Organs
• Materials for Prosthesis and Orthotics
• Polymers in medicine
• Tissue and cell engineering
• Biomolecular Engineering
• Transport Phenomena
• Polymer properties and design
• Physical Chemistry for Engineers II
• Polymer Processing
• Polymer Engineering

• Science Electives (take 2)
• Physics III
• Chemical Biology
• Molecular Biology
• Human Anatomy
• Organic Chemistry I
• Organic Chemistry II

Source Case Western Reserve University
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For more information

• Bioengineering Student Society
• EMBS Engineering in Medicine and Biology
• -- get on the Email List Today!

• Bioengineering Office
• 53 Everitt Lab
• 1406 W. Green St.
• Urbana IL 61801
• 333-1867
• bioen_at_uiuc.edu