Englands North American Colonies:

1
Englands North American Colonies

• How does Maryland fit in the Picture?

2
Overview of the colonies

• Roanoke
• Popham ??
• Chesapeake Bay area
• New England
• Middle colonies
• Southern colonies

3
Virginia

• Jamestown, 1607
• Powhatan Confederacy
• High death rates
• Tobacco
• Royal Colony by 1624
• Virtual Jamestown

4
New England

• Plymouth (1620)
• Massachusetts Bay (1630)
• Religious purpose
• Family migration
• Few servants and slaves
• Small towns

5
Middle Colonies

• New York
• A Dutch colony from 1624-1664
• Mixed populationDutch, French, African, Swedish
• Duke of York
• Dukes Laws

6
Pennsylvania1681 William Penn

• Quaker haven
• Proprietary Colony
• Penn collected quitrents
• Promoted through pamphlets in London
• Philadelphia as capital
• Became most democratic of the colonies

7
Southern Colonies

• Carolinas, 1669
• English Settlers from Barbados
• Very small population concentrated around Charles
  Town and Wilmington
• SC starts to rely on slave labor from an early
  stage
• Georgia, the southern frontier colony--1732

8
Maryland, Chartered 1632

• George Calvert
• Ferryland
• Avalon
• First Proprietary Colony
• Cecilius Calvert
• Ark and Dove
• Catholic Colony?

9
Life in Maryland

• Migrated from Virginia and directly from England
• High percentage of indentured servants
• Relied on Tobacco cultivation
• Eastern Shore settlement increases in 1660s.
• Somerset County, 1666

10
How was Maryland different from Virginia?

• More diversified economy by 1680s
• Proprietary charter resulted in a thorny
  relationship among the colonys leaders
• Religiongenerally Maryland practiced broader
  toleration
• Act Concerning Religion 1649
• Quakers
• But what happened to the Catholic haven?

11
Household Economies

• Probate inventories provide some of the best
  information on family economics
• Free men and unmarried free women almost always
  had inventories
• Measure material wealth and help us understand
  how colonists and early Americans ordered their
  lives.
• Dozens of these are available

12
Statehouse, 1676

• Capital moved from St. Marys to Annapolis
  (Arundell Town) in 1694

13
Eighteenth-century Maryland

• Growth of several towns along rivers and Bay
• Expansion into Frederick County (the frontier)
• Growth of industry
• Dramatic increase in the reliance on slave labor

14
Maryland moves to Revolution

• Early protests in the 1760s were mostly tame in
  Maryland
• Boston Tea Party---- Britain passed the Coercive
  Acts.
• Colonists decided to protest by refusing to buy
  goods from Britain
• Tea had special symbolism

15
The Peggy Stewart
16
Burning of the Peggy Stewart

• Oct. 1774
• Anthony Stewart
• Agreed to burn the tea but wanted to land the
  rest of his cargo
• Mob action
• Oct. 19 Stewart himself put the torch to the
  Peggy Stewart

17
Maryland and the Revolution

• Division over treatment of Anthony Stewart
• Convention formed earlier in 1774
• How far would colonists go in demanding change?
  Would they destroy property?
• The move towards revolution was uncertain
• Even during the war there was conflict