Leadership

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Leadership
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Outline

• Definition
• Management vs. Leadership
• Trait Approach
• Behavior Approach
• Process Approach

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Class Model
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Quick Exercise

• Take two minutes to do this exercise.
• Write down the name of someone you think is a
  great leader.
• Write down why you think this person is a great
  leader.

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Leadership

• Definition
• There are almost as many different definitions
  of leadership as there are persons who have
  attempted to define the concept
• Bass, 1990
• Across all the different definitions, leadership
  can be thought of as
• Intentional influence exerted over individuals to
  organize, guide, structure, and facilitate
  activities and relationships in a group or
  organization towards the achievement of some goal

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Quick Comic
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Management vs. Leadership

• What does Kotter have to say about distinctions
  between leadership and management?
• Leadership and management are two distinctive
  and complementary systems of action
• Management is concerned with coping with
  complexity and leadership is concerned with
  coping with change
• Function of management is to provide order and
  consistency to organizations
• Function of leadership is to produce change and
  movement in organizations

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Kotters Distinctions
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Quick Comic
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Approaches to Leadership

• Traits (What traits do leaders possess?)
• Behaviors (What do leaders do?)
• Processes (How do leaders get things done?)

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Trait Approach to Leadership

• Basic assumptions
• All great leaders possess some outstanding,
  individual qualities.
• These qualities are unique to great people and
  elusive for others.
• Certain people are born with leadership traits
  and only great people possess them.
• Leaders are born, not made

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Discussion Question

• What traits do you think characterize a great
  leader?

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Great Leaders

• Martin Luther King Jr.
• Vision and perseverance
• John F. Kennedy
• Charisma and communication skill
• Mother Teresa
• Compassion and self-sacrifice
• George Washington
• Honesty and modesty
• Abraham Lincoln
• Persistence and commitment to values

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Major Traits

• Intelligence
• Strong verbal ability, perceptual ability, and
  good reasoning skill
• Self-confidence
• Self-esteem, self-assurance, and belief that one
  can make a difference
• Determination
• Desire to get the job done (initiative,
  persistence, drive, and perseverance)
• Integrity
• Honesty, trustworthiness, responsibility for
  their own actions
• Sociability
• Inclination to seek out pleasant social
  relationships (friendly, outgoing, courteous)

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Discussion Question

• What are some limitations of the trait approach?

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Behavioral Approach to Leadership

• Whereas trait approach emphasized personality
  characteristics of the leader, the behavioral
  approach emphasizes leadership activities.
• We ask
• What do leaders do?

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Ohio State Studies Two Types of Behaviors

• Task behaviors
• Initiating structure
• Task behaviors, organizing work, giving structure
  to the work context, defining responsibilities
• Relationship behavior
• Consideration
• Building camaraderie, respect, trust, and liking
  between leaders and followers

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Discussion Question

• Is it better to be task-oriented or
  relationship-oriented as a leader?

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Discussion Questions

• What does Collins mean by Level 5 leadership?
• Do you see it as a trait or behavioral approach?

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Level 5 Leader

• Level 5 Level 5 Executive -- builds enduring
  greatness through a blend of personal humility
  and professional will
• Level 4 Effective leader -- catalyzes
  commitment to and vigorous pursuit of a clear and
  compelling vision, stimulating higher performance
  standards
• Level 3 competent manager organizes people and
  resources toward the effective and efficient
  pursuit of pre-determined objectives
• Level 2 contributing team member contributes
  individual capabilities to the achievement of
  group objectives and works effectively with
  others in a group setting
• Level 1 highly capable individual makes
  productive contributions through talent,
  knowledge, skills, and good work habits.

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Two Sides of Level 5 Leadership

• Will
• Creates superb results, a clear catalyst in the
  transition from good to great
• Unwavering resolve to do whatever must be done to
  produce the best long-term results (no matter how
  difficult)
• Sets the standard of building an enduring great
  company, will settle for nothing less
• Takes responsibility for poor resultsdoesnt
  blame other people, external factors, or bad luck

• Humility
• Demonstrates a compelling modesty, shuns public
  adulation, not boastful
• Acts with quiet, calm determination relies
  principally on inspired standards, not inspiring
  charisma, to motivate
• Channels ambition into the company, not the self.
  Sets up successors for even greater success
• Gives credit for success to other people,
  external factors, and good luck

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Discussion Question

• What must leaders have?

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Process Approach to Leadership

• Explains the process by which relationships
  between leaders and followers are formed
• Does not assign leader effectiveness to a set of
  traits or an orientation, but to a change in
  followers that is facilitated by leaders
• Does not limit leadership to positions of formal
  authority
• We ask
• How do leaders get things done?

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Quick Comic
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Transactional and Transformational Leadership

• Transactional leadership
• Reinforce followers for successful completion of
  their end of the bargain (contingent reward)
• Transformational leadership
• Transformational leadership motivates followers
  to strive toward higher goals or vision that
  transcend their immediate self-interests
• Transformational leaders
• Are charismatic and trusted
• Present a positive, appealing vision of the
  future
• Are seen as agents of change and innovation
• Encourage and support followers
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?viEMXaTktUfA

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Discussion Question

• Is it always good to have a transformational
  (i.e., charismatic) leader?

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Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)

• It is important to not forget the follower in
  this whole leadership thing.
• LMX concerns the relationship that develops
  between a leader and his/her follower.
• The goal is a high-quality relationship
• Mutual trust and respect

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Discussion Question

• What are the outcomes of having a high-quality
  relationship with ones leader?

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Take-Home Points

• There is a difference between management and
  leadership and they are both important
• There is a trend to focus on leader behaviors as
  opposed to leader traits
• Individuals can lead even if they are not in a
  position of formal authority