Colonial America

1
Colonial America

• The Thirteen Colonies

2
Essential Questions

• Why did the English settle in North America?
  Analyzing the struggles and successes of English
  settlement
• Why did the Separatists and Puritans leave
  England and settle in North America?
• How and why did the New England, Middle and
  Southern Colonies develop and grow?
• How did geography affect the economic development
  of the three colonial regions?

3
Do Now

• What makes people perceive regions differently?
• How do you think the English and French points of
  view may have influenced the early development of
  their communities in North America?

4
Different Perspectives

• The French the English had tangible needs and
  goals.
• The French looked at North America as a place
  where fortunes could be made from the fur trade.
• The English valued the rich soil, the game, and
  the timber all of which was limited in England
  they would soon trade farm products for
  manufactured English goods.

5
England off to a slow start

• Compared to the Spanish, who were their economic
  rivals, the English were slow to seek colonies.
• Trading rivalry and religious differences had
  been pushing England and Spain toward war for
  years.
• King Phillip II, the ruler of Spain, wanted to
  put a Catholic ruler on the throne of England.
  He considered Queen Elizabeth, a protestant to be
  weak.

6
The Spanish Armada

• After English adventurers like Sir Francis Drake
  attacked Spanish ships and ports, Philip sent the
  Spanish Armada Spains fleet of warships, to
  conquer England, but it failed.
• 1604 the Spanish Armada was defeated the way
  was clear for England to start colonies in North
  America.
• However, that isnt to say they hadnt already
  begun

7
The Mystery of Roanoke

• Facts of the Case
• Sir Walter Raleigh in 1585 sent 7 ships and 100
  men to settle a colony in America.
• Queen Elizabeth gave a charter legal document
  giving rights to a group
• The ship ended up at Roanoke Island, off coast of
  North Carolina
• First group went back in one year

8
The Mystery of Roanoke

• In 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh sent three ships and
  117 men, women, and children to establish a
  colony at Roanoke Island in what is now North
  Carolina.
• Shortly after the colonists arrived, their
  leader, John White, sailed back to England for
  much-needed supplies.
• But Englands war with Spain prevented White from
  returning to Roanoke until 1590.

9
The Mystery of Roanoke

• When he finally returned to the island, there was
  no trace of the settlers and barely a trace of
  the settlement. Croatoan, the name of a nearby
  island, was carved onto a tree.
• White tried to sail to Croatoan, but bad weather
  blew his ship off course.
• No one knows what happened to the lost colony
  on Roanoke Island.

10
Do Now

• What does the fate of the Lost Colony of
  Roanoke show about the problems of setting up
  colonies in the Americas?

11
Success depends on

• Relative Location
• Relative Location
• Characteristics of the Land/Terrain
• Amount/creation variety of food
• Ability to travel
• Relationships with natives
• Strong Leadership

12
Jamestown Settlement

• For awhile, the failure of the Roanoke colony
  discouraged others from planning English colonies
  in North America.
• However, in 1606, one group of merchants the
  Virginia Company of London received a charter
  from King James I to settle in the New World.

13
The Virginia Company

• The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company
  Investors bought stock, or part ownership, in the
  company in return for a share of its future
  profits.

14
The Virginia Company

• Settlers in America were to search for gold and
  establish trade in fish and furs.
• 144 men of all backgrounds went off in 1607.
• The colonists settled on a swampy peninsula that
  they believe could be easily defended against
  natives and Spanish ships Jamestown.

15
Jamestown
16

• However, it wasnt always clear that Jamestown
  was going to survive
• What challenges did the first settlers of
  Jamestown face?

17
Reasons for Jamestowns Struggles

• Swampy land
• Mosquitoes (malaria)
• Water undrinkable (built fort beside dirtest part
  of the James River summer turned salty by
  fall, salt poisoning and disease and starvation
  ensued.
• Colonists constantly bickering - dug for gold not
  crops
• Most men gentlemen, some skilled workers none
  farmers
• Difficult native relations Indian attacks

18

• How did the colonists rebound?

19
Reasons for Jamestowns Successes

• Colony survived its first 2 years because of
  Captain John Smith, an experienced explorer and
  strong leader.
• Smith forced the settlers to work regardless of
  class indentured servitude worker required to
  work the land for 4-7 years in exchange for
  payment to America. Also given food, shelter and
  clothes.

20

• He that will not work shall not eat.
• -John Smith

21
Reasons for Jamestowns Successes

• John Smith also began trading with Powhatan
  chief of local native tribes who gave them
  enough food to hold on.
• Legend has it that Pocahontas, Powhatans
  daughter, convinced him to spare John Smiths
  life.

22
The Starving Time 1609 - 10

• John Smith was absolutely instrumental to the
  colonists survival.
• In 1609, after being injured in a gunpowder
  accident Smith returned to England his absence
  became known as the Starving Time
• Without Smith, the Indians refused to trade with
  the settlers.

23

• Jamestown would be saved by English ships
  arriving with food, 150 colonists and 100
  soldiersaround 1612

24
3 things change the fate of Jamestown

• John Rolfe introduces tobacco to England cash
  crop first crop that could be sold in Europe.
  Also improved relations with natives after he
  marries Pocahontas.
• Ship of women and slaves 1619
• House of Burgesses beginning of democracy
  representatives of the colonys towns, and they
  could make local laws for the colony.

25
Jamestown becomes a Royal Colony

• Peace ended in 1622.
• The settlers wanted more land and they killed a
  native chief.
• The natives fought back, killing almost one
  quarter of the settlers.
• Eventually the Virginia Company returned little
  profit and Jamestown became Englands first royal
  colony directed by King.
• Why will you take by force what you may have
  quietly by love?

26
Geography Matters

• From this point on, people of all backgrounds,
  both men and women were coming for the
  opportunity of the new world.
• Each area of the new world would bring entirely
  new experiences.
• The New England, Middle and Southern colonies
  would all develop very different cultures and
  would serve very different purposes for England
  and the people living there.

27
Map Checklist The 13 Colonies

• With your partner use textbook pages 67, 74
  78 to help you complete the following
• Label each of the 13 colonies on the map in
  CAPITAL LETTERS!
• Locate, label and add/draw color all of the
  resources, sites and landforms mentioned on the
  maps in the text.
• Shade the 3 groups of colonies New England,
  Middle and Southern should be different colors.
• In addition locate and label the following sites
  Jamestown, the James River, Chesapeake Bay
  Roanoke Island, Long Island, Long Island Sound
  and Cape Cod.
• Create a map key for resources colonial groups