THE BRITISH IN NORTH AMERICA

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Chapter 3

• THE BRITISH IN NORTH AMERICA

What kind of society did the British colonists
create in North America?
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The British Cross the AtlanticDefinitions

• Mercantilism An economic system that allowed an
  imperial country to become rich by selling the
  resources taken from its colonies.
• The Thirteen Colonies The 13 separate colonies
  established by Britain along the eastern coast of
  present days United States.

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Question

• Looking at Canada TODAY how do we know Britain
  (England) played an important role in
  establishing Canada as a country?

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The Queen of England appears on Canadian currency
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The Union Jack appears on the Canadian Coat of
Arms
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The Union Jack appears on 3 Provincial flags
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National Holidays in honour of British Officials
Victoria Day is a Canadian statutory holiday
celebrated on the last Monday before or on May 24
in honour of both Queen Victoria's birthday and
the current reigning Canadian sovereign's
birthday.
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Some Canadian Places are named after British
Officials

• Victoria, British Columbia
• named after Queen Victoria
• Prince Edward Island
• named after the father of Queen
• Victoria, Prince Edward

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Mercantilism

• Would the following resources and goods be sold
  by Colonists to England for money, or sold by
  England to the Colonists for money?

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Colonizing America

• Walter Raleigh was the first English explorer to
  try and build a colony in North America.
• THINK BACK Who was the first French explorer to
  try? How did that work out?

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Colonizing America

• Walter Raleigh was the first English explorer to
  try and build a colony in North America.
• THINK BACK Who was the first French explorer to
  try? How did that work out?
• Jacques Cartier, most of his men got sick and
  died.

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Colonizing America

• Do you think Walter Raleigh was successful in
  establishing a British Colony?
• a) Yes, because the British learned from the
  Frenchs mistakes.
• b) Yes, because the First Nations helped the
  British out.
• c) No, because they werent prepared for the
  harsh way of life.
• d) No because the First Nations drove the
  British off their land.

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Colonizing America

• Do you think Walter Raleigh was successful in
  establishing a British Colony?
• c) No, because they werent prepared for the
  harsh way of life.
• He tried to set up a colony twice, both attempts
  failed because the colonists were not prepared
  for the harsh life in the North American
  wilderness.
• But the British kept trying.

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Colonizing America

• Why was it so important for the Britain to build
  colonies in North America?

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Colonizing America
Page 5

• Why was it so important for the Britain to build
  colonies in North America?
• The Economy France, Spain and Portugal had
  made a lot of money off their colonies and
  Britain wanted to do the same.

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Colonizing America
Page 5

• Why was it so important for the Britain to build
  colonies in North America?
• Competition- Britain wanted to prevent France
  and Spain from being too powerful.

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Colonizing America
Page 5

• Why was it so important for the Britain to build
  colonies in North America?
• Quality of Life- In Britain, cities were
  crowded, there was little farmland left.

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Colonizing America
Page 5

• Why was it so important for the Britain to build
  colonies in North America?
• Religious Freedom Many groups were treated
  badly for religious beliefs. They wanted a place
  where they could practice their religion freely.

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The Thirteen Colonies

• King James I of England knew it would cost a
  great deal of money to set up the colonies.
  However, he did not want to risk losing the
  governments money. Instead, in 1607 he began
  granting permission to private groups who were
  interested in setting up colonies along the
  eastern coast of North America.

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The Thirteen Colonies

• Why are there thirteen colonies instead of only
  one colony?

Why are all the colonies on the East Coast?
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The Thirteen Colonies

• New France and the first Thirteen colonies were
  founded around the same time.
• Englands colonies grew much quicker.

France Britain
Priority of collecting and selling resources. Extreme climate, difficult for farming. Not many opportunities to gain a living other than the fur trade. Only French Catholics were encouraged to come to New France. New France could only trade with France. Wanted large settlements for military and economic advantage. Mild climate made life more comfortable. Economies based on farming, fishing and logging. Many more opportunities to earn a living. Allowed people of different religions and different countries to come. Allowed to trade/sell to other countries/groups.
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Questions - The British Cross the Atlantic (pg
55-57)

• Chapter Questions
• 1. a) Who is Walter Raleigh? (1pt)
• b) Why did his attempts at building a colony
  fail? (1 pt)
• 2. a) What did King James I do instead of
  spending money on setting up colonies in North
  America? (1 pt)
• b) How many colonies were there? (1 pt)
• c) Where were they located? (1 pt)

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The British Colonies in Atlantic
CanadaDefinitions

• New found land Newfoundland was claimed by
  John Cabot for Britain.
• The Beothuk First Nations peoples that lived in
  Newfoundland until they were eliminated by
  British colonists.
• Shanawdithit The last of the Beothuk she tried
  to teach the English about Beothuk culture.
• Sovereignty Supreme governing authority.

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Extinction of a Nation

• What do you know about Newfoundland?

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A New Found Land

• John Cabot reached the waters off Newfoundland in
  1497.
• While watching think about the following
  questions
• Who financed John Cabots travels?
• What was his great discovery off the coast
  Newfoundland? http//www.histori.ca/minutes/minute
  .do?id10122

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A New Found Land

• When he returned to England, he reported seeing
  fish so plentiful they could be caught just by
  lowering a basket into the water.

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A New Found Land

• News of the fish spread quickly among the fishing
  fleets of Europe.
• Fish was an important food staple there.
• Soon hundreds of ships were fishing in the waters
  off the coast of this New Found Land.

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A New Found Land

• Although Cabot claimed Newfoundland for Britian,
  the British werent interested in the colony and
  didnt want to build settlements there.

Why do you think the British werent
interested in Newfoundland even though they
wanted as much land as possible?
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A New Found Land

• The climate was too harsh
• The soil wasnt good for farming.
• All they wanted was FISH!

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A New Found Land

• Most fishers stayed on board their ships.
• They went ashore only to dry the catch.
• They went home before the winter storms set in.

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A New Found Land

• What do you think happened as the fisheries grew?

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A New Found Land

• What do you think happened as the fisheries grew?
• Competition grew among the fleets.
• They wanted to secure the best harbours for
  drying stations.
• Some of the crew began staying behind in the
  winter to guard these sites.

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A New Found Land

• Overtime, the number of British newcomers in
  Newfoundland began to grow.
• King George II, granted the captains permission
  to build fishing villages on the coast.
• As the villages grew, he couldnt ignore the
  island any longer.
• In 1729, he appointed a governor making
  Newfoundland grow from a fishing station to a
  colony.

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Canada Today The Cod Fisheriespg 59

• People believed the fish stocks Cabot found would
  last forever.For hundreds of years, fishers from
  around the world overfished the cod on the
  Atlantic coast.
• By 1992, almost all the codfish were gone. The
  Canadian government decided to shut down the
  fishery.

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Canada Today The Cod Fisheriespg 59

• The biggest layoff in Canadian history
• Broadcast Date July 2, 1992 CBC News
• Fisheries Minister John Crosbie has just made
  the announcement everyone feared. Following six
  months of rumour and protest, the native
  Newfoundlander has shut down the fishery.
  Crosbie's announcement in a St. John's hotel
  unleashes a wave of fury from fishermen, all of
  which is caught on camera.
• This CBC Television clip looks at that reaction
  and how the loss of nearly 40,000 jobs will
  affect the region.
• http//archives.cbc.ca/economy_business/natural_re
  sources/topics/1595/

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Canada Today The Cod Fisheriespg 59

• It reopened in 1999, but allowed only a limited
  number of boats to fish for cod.
• The stocks however, continued to decline.
• In 2003, the government shut down the fishery
  again.
• The fishery that first lured Europeans to North
  America may never reopen.

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Extinction of a Nation

• Long before the British came to Newfoundland, the
  Beothuk had lived on the island.
• In the summer they lived along the coast, where
  they fished and gathered shellfish. In the
  winter, they moved inland to hunt caribou.

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Extinction of a Nation

• What problems do you see arising with the arrival
  of the British?

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Extinction of a Nation

• What problems do you see arising with the arrival
  of the British?
• The British disrupted their way of life.
• The British fishing villages cut off the
  Beothuks access to the sea.
• They had to compete for the islands resources.

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Extinction of a Nation

• How do you think the Beothuk reacted to the
  British?
• The Beothuk tried to avoid the British.
• The Beothuk raided their fishing villages.
• The Beothuk became violent.

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Extinction of a Nation

• How do you think the Beothuk reacted to the
  British?
• The Beothuk were afraid of the British and tried
  to avoid them.
• Once the fishermen returned to Britain for the
  winter, the Beothuk would raid their fishing
  stations and steal their supplies.
• When the British returned in the spring, tensions
  between the two groups turned violent.

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Extinction of a Nation

• The British used guns to hunt down the Beothuk
  men, women and children.
• They unintentionally brought diseases to the
  island, which resulted in deaths of many Beothuk.
  

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Extinction of a Nation

• By 1828, only one Beothuk remained, a young woman
  named Shanawdithit.
• She lived with an English family in St. Johns
  during her last years. By this time there were
  people who were interested in learning about the
  Beothuk culture.
• She tried her best to explain their culture using
  pictures.

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Extinction of a Nation

• When she died in 1829 of tuberculosis, the
  Beothuk went extinct.
• In 200 years, an entire culture had been wiped
  out by violence and disease.

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The Beothuk pg 61-62

• If British colonists in Newfoundland had been
  more interested in the fur trade than the
  fishery, how might the relationship between the
  British and the Beothuk have been different?

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Questions - The British Cross the Atlantic (pg
55-57)

• The British Colonies in Atlantic Canada (pg
  59-63)
• 3. a) What resource did John Cabot discover that
  led to his claiming Newfoundland in 1497? (1 pt)
  
• b) What impact has this had on Newfoundland
  today? (2 pts)

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Chapter 3 Task

• You are a team of News broadcasters from a
  popular Canadian television station. You have
  been assigned a news segment titled The Atlantic
  Fisheries Then and Now.
• As a team, create an informative news segment
  comparing the Fisheries in the 15th century and
  today.
• Roles
• News Anchors (2)
• Onsite Correspondent
• Eye witness(es)

• Atlantic Fisheries News Broadcast