The Rise of Judaism

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The Rise of Judaism
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The ancient Israelites were monotheistic. They
believed in one all-knowing, all-powerful god who
was present everywhere. At the time all other
peoples worshiped many gods.
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Origin and Founder
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Abraham is considered the father if the Israelite
people.
Here the artist Rembrandt tells the story of
Abraham's sacrifice of his son Isaac in Gen. 22.
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Origin and Founder
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God makes a covenant (binding agreement) with the
Israelites.

• God would have a special relationship with
  Abraham and his descendants, and
• Canaan would one day belong to the Israelites
  their promised land.

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Key Religious Figures
-Abraham -Moses -David -Solomon -And many
more.
David united the 12 tribes of Israel into one
nation.
Solomon wanted to turn Jerusalem into an
impressive capital city. David started and he
finish a great temple to God in Jerusalem
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Israel suffers Division and Conquest

• Israel pays a high price for Solomons ambition.
  His building projects required so much high taxes
  and forced labor (slavery) that revolts occur
  after his death.
• Israel splits into Israel in the North and Judah
  in the South.

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Israel suffers Division and Conquest

• 722 B.C.E. the Assyrians conquer Israel.
• 586 B.C.E. Babylonians capture Judah
• 569 B.C.E. Persian ruler, Cyrus the Great,
  conquerors Babylon and Frees Israelites
• 332 B.C.E. Alexander the Great conquers Jerusalem
  and spreads Hellenistic culture.

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Maintaing Beliefs over Time and Space

• Beginning with Babylonian captivity many Jews
  left their homeland (exiled)and moved to
  different parts of the world.
• The spreading of Jewish people (around the world)
  is called the Diaspora.

8
Maintaing Beliefs over Time and Space

• Where ever Jews settled they maintained their
  identity by obeying their religious laws and
  traditions.
• Judaism influence Christianity and Islam the
  other Monotheistic religions in the Middle East.

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The Torah
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• Scroll that was given to the Jews by God
• The most sacred text
• 5 Books of the Torah
• -Genesis
• -Exodus
• -Leviticus
• -Numbers
• -Deuteronomy
• Those are first 5 books of Hebrew Bible, there
  are 24 books total

Additional laws and customs are written in
another book, the Talmud
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Rules of Conduct
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• Ten Commandments
• -10 main commandments, but there are a complete
  total of 613. The first 4 of the 10 are about
  religious duties, and the rest are about conduct
  towards others.

• The Sabbath is a holy day for rest and worship.
  Jews arent supposed to work on this day.

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Morality
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• Israelite society was Patriarchal, meaning men
  held greatest legal and moral authority

• 10 Commandments are a guide
• Prophets Spiritual leaders to interpret Gods
  will
• Prophets taught a strong code of ethics
• They urged personal morality and social justice
• Wanted the rich and powerful to protect the weak
  and poor
• They said that all people were equal before God

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Rites of Passage
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• Bar/Bat Mitzvah
• First time that someone is called to the Torah
• Normally between ages 12 and 14, though adults
  can have them too
• Bar Mitzvah for boys, Bat Mitzvah for girls

• Weddings
• Breaking of the Glass the groom stomps on a
  bottle with his right foot, symbolizing
  destruction of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem

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Other Information

• Types of Judaism
• (From most to least religious)
• -Orthodox
• -Conservative
• -Reform
• Synagogue Place of Worship
• Mezuzah a box that contains a parchment scroll
  with basic prayer of beliefs on it that hangs in
  a doorway or on a necklace