The Israelites and Judaism

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The Israelites and Judaism

• The Story of the Jewish Faith

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Words to know

• Famine a time of extreme hunger where crops are
  not growing usually due to weather conditions or
  warfare
• Covenant an agreement between two parties
• Tribe group of related families
• Plague disease that spreads rapidly and kills
  many people
• Torah laws that, according to the Bible, Moses
  received from God on Mount Sinai these laws
  later become part of the Hebrew Bible
• Prophet a person who claims to be instructed by
  God to share Gods word.
• Tribute payment made by one group or nation to
  another to show obedience or to obtain peace or
  protection
• Sabbath weekly day of rest and worship for Jews
• Synagogue Jewish house of worship
• Diaspora the scattering of Jews from their
  homeland

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The Bible

• A religious text to many people around the world
  Christians
• Can also be used as a historical text to learn
  about events in history tells us about places,
  dates and people
• Tells the historical story of a group of people
  called the Israelites who practice monotheism.
• Israelites, Jews, Hebrews all refer to the same
  group of people.

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Beginning of the Israelites

1. Abraham gets a message from God telling him to
   bring his people from Mesopotamia into a new home
   in Canaan around 1900 B.C. Gods covenant!
2. A famine occurs in Canaan around 1800 B.C. so the
   Israelites head to Egypt because Egypt is a very
   fertile land!
3. The Israelites live well in Egypt for about 600
   years and write down their beliefs in their
   native language of Hebrew the Hebrew Bible

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Gods Covenant

1. The followers of Abraham believe that God told
   Abraham that Jews will have their own land if
   they follow Gods word.
2. This group becomes known as the Israelites. They
   are unique at the time because of their belief in
   a single God (monotheism). They form the
   beginnings of the Jewish religion Judaism

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The Story of the Return to Canaan

1. After hundreds of years of living in Egypt, the
   Jewish people apparently begin to be treated
   poorly by the Pharaohs for some reason.
2. The Israelites ask to return home to Canaan but
   the Pharaoh refuses.
3. Pharaoh might have been Ramses II
4. The Ten Plagues of Egypt strike after the ten
   plagues, the Israelites are finally granted
   permission to leave and return to Canaan

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The Exodus out of Egypt

• Pharaoh changes his mind and sends the army out
  to get the Israelites story of the parting of
  the Red Sea
• Israelites escape - Moses leads Israelites out of
  Egypt back into Canaan The Exodus
• Israelites wander in the desert for 40 years.
  God gives Moses the Ten Commandments on Mt.
  Sinai. This is a code of laws for how Israelites
  should live their lives.

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10 Commandments

1. Moses receives the 10 Commandments from God on
   Mount Sinai while traveling in the desert
2. The Commandments become part of the Torah, which
   explains what God considers right from wrong.
3. Develop the idea that laws should apply to
   everyone equally
4. U.S.A. borrows this concept of law in our country
   today!

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The Kingdom of Israel

• 1020 B.C. 586 B.C.

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• King David

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King Solomon
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Rise of the Israelites

1. Led by soldiers such as Joshua, the Israelites
   fight wars and conquer the land of Canaan
2. King Saul is the first leader of the Israelites.
   He is followed by King David who unites the 12
   tribes and builds Israel into a powerful kingdom
3. King Solomon makes Israel into a rich and
   powerful nation through war and trade and builds
   great buildings.

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The 12 Tribes Split

1. After the death of Solomon, the 10 northern
   tribes rebel
2. Kingdom of Israel to the north (10 tribes) and
   Kingdom of Judah to the south (2 tribes)
3. Assyrians attack the Kingdom of Israel scatter
   the 10 tribes in 722 B.C. The Lost Tribes of
   Israel

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Kingdom of Judah

• Greatly weakened and becomes part of Egypt in 620
  B.C.
• Chaldeans conquer it in 605 B.C.
• Jews revolt against Chaldeans in 586 B.C. but are
  crushed by King Nebuchadnezzar.
• Nebuchadnezzar destroys their temples and forces
  thousands of Jews from their home in Jerusalem
  to Babylon Babylonian Captivity

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Jewish Diaspora

1. Due to wars and conflicts, Jews became scattered
   throughout many lands during over time Diaspora
   (scattering of people)
2. Jews hold onto their faith and traditions despite
   being removed from their native land
3. The Diaspora helped the spread and understanding
   of their ideas and faith
4. Many Jews remain in Judah as well
5. Later, the Romans conquer Judah and make it a
   Roman province and rename it Judaea. This adds
   to the Diaspora.

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Babylonian Exile and Return

1. While exiled in Babylon, Jews continue to
   practice their religion and begin to write down
   their stories
2. They meet on the Sabbath in meeting places called
   synagogues
3. Jews remain in Babylon until 538 B.C. when the
   Persians defeat the Chaldeans. Cyrus the Great
   allows the Jews to return home.

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Treatment of Jews during World War II by Hitlers
Germany.
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The Kingdom of Israel falls, but Judaism continues

• 539 B.C. Modern Times

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The Torah

1. Upon their return, Israelites write down their
   history and beliefs in the Hebrew language
   Torah
2. This is the central document that teaches the
   Jewish faith and beliefs
3. To Christians, the Torah is part of what they
   call the Old Testament
4. Consists of 5 books Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,
   Numbers and Deuteronomy

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Jewish Customs

• Food that is prepared today according to Jewish
  dietary laws is called kosher
• Major holidays include Passover, Rosh Hashanah,
  Yom Kippur and Hanukkah
• Bar or Bat Mitzvah

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Jews and the Romans

1. When the Romans take over Judah and make it a
   Roman province (called Judaea) in 63 B.C., the
   Jews are divided into many groups because they
   disagree on how to handle this situation.
2. Some of these groups are called the Pharisees,
   Sadducees, the Essenes and the Zealots. Each
   group has a different idea as to how to handle
   the Roman occupation of their land.
3. Interestingly, Jesus is born shortly after these
   events and lives during this time of conflict and
   struggle.
4. The story of the Jews will continue when we study
   the Roman Empire and Christianity! ?