The Scientific Revolution

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Unit II Revolutions
The Scientific Revolution
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I. The Medieval View

• Geo-centric Theory
• Based on Greco-Roman theories
• Church Teachings
• Aristotle Ptolemy

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II. "What was it?"

• Influenced by the Renaissance
• New ways of thinking about the world
• Observation questioning

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III. The Revolutionaries

• Copernicus
• Challenges beliefs about the earth
• Heliocentric Theory

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Galileo-1600's

• Italian astronomer
• Contradicted the church
• Forced to recant theories

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Newton-1600's

• Follows his colleagues
• Force keeps planets in orbit
• Nature follows uniform laws

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IV. The Scientific Method

• Experiment Observation
• Logical procedure for gathering testing ideas
• Human reason is key

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The process

• Unproved assumption
• Test hypothesis
• Analyze
• Interpret to reach conclusion

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"Who developed this?"

• FRANCIS BACON RENE DECARTES
• Practical knowledge helps in understanding the
  world
• 1700s discover natural laws-laws that govern
  human behavior

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Unit II
The Enlightenment
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Thesis Question 1

• How did the teachings of the Enlightenment, and
  its philosophes, affect governments and society
  in the late 1600s into the early 1700s?

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I. The "Founding Fathers"

• John Locke Natural Rights
• Humans posses natural ability to govern
  themselves
• Three natural rights
• Life, Liberty Property
• Two Treatises on Government

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Thomas Hobbes

• Convinced that all humans were/are naturally
  selfish wicked
• No government state of war. Man v. Man
• Law order requires a strong ruler Leviathan

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The Social Contract

• Legitimacy
• Consent
• Civil body politick
• The Mayflower Compact

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II. The Philosophes

• Montesquieu Separation of powers
• Voltaire Freedom of Speech
• Rousseau Direct Democracy
• Beccaria Rights of the Accused
• Reason encompasses all aspects of life

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Philosophy of Reason

• Reason
• Nature
• Happiness
• Progress
• Liberty
• These 5 steps lead to a utopian society

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A World of Ideas
The Spread of The Enlightenment
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Thesis Question 2

• How did Enlightenment ideas affect other aspects
  of society?
• How did monarchies change as a result of the
  Enlightenment?

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Happy Wednesday

• Place your note-frame on the stand/(extra-credit
  on stool)
• Take a copy of the Ch. 22 Sec.2 review sheet
• Answer questions 1-3 on the back
• Discussion _at_ 1210PM

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I. Get an "Eifel" in Paris

• Parisian Salons
• Diderots Encyclopedia
• New Ideas Circulate

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II. Art Literature

• Baroque grand, ornate style (16- early 1700s)
• Neoclassical new classical-reflected order
  balance
• Influential music Hayden, Mozart, Beethoven
• The sonata (played v. sung) the symphony
• The Novel

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III. Affects upon Monarchs

• Enlightened Despots
• Frederick the Great of Prussia
• Religious freedom, reduced censorship, improved
  education
• Catherine the Great modernization religious
  toleration abolition of torture

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America
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Thesis Question 3

• How did the Enlightenment impact the American
  Revolution, and the creation of the American
  Republic?

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I. The American Colonies

• 1607 Jamestown
• Colonies exist for the crown
• 1660 Navigation Acts
• Laws forbade trade with any country except
  Britain
• Granted rights privileges of Englishmen

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II. Colonial Treatment

• 1760s King George III
• Writs of Assistance
• Currency Act of 1764
• The Stamp Act of 1765
• Quartering Act of 1765-66

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Colonial Response

• 1st Continental Congress-1765
• Declaration of Rights Grievances
• British response
• Tea Act of 1773
• Boston Tea Party

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III. 1776 Independence

• 1774 The Coercive (Intolerable) Acts
• 1775 2nd Continental Congress
• 1776 Declaration of Independence
• 1783 Victory

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IV. The Republic

• 1781-1789 Articles of Confederation
• 1787 Constitutional Convention Federal System
• Enlightenment ideals
• Bill of Rights