BIOL 1108

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BIOL 1108

• Lecture 8
• Chapter 28 Eukaryotic Diversity

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Learning Objectives

• Define contrast all protistan groups presented
• Identify means of transmission for disease
  organisms
• Cysts
• Sporozoites
• Contrast
• Cilia vs. flagella
• Define
• Thallus, holdfast, stipe, blades

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Table 28.1

• UC Berkeley website

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Lacking Mitochondria

• Diplomonadida
• Parabasala
• The lack of mitochondria is the advanced
  condition
• Ancestors probably had mitochondria

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Diplomonads

• Two nuclei
• Multiple flagella
• Lack mitochondria
• Ex Giardia lamblia
• AKA beaver fever, because hikers get it from
  drinking fecal-contaminated stream water
• Cysts can be killed by boiling

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Parabasalids

• Also lost mitochondria
• Ex Trichomonas vaginalis

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Euglenozoa

• Euglenoids have an anterior pocket
• One or two flagella
• Paramylon a storage molecule
• Glucose polymer

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Trypanosoma

• A Euglenozoan
• African sleeping sickness from the tsetse fly
• Change molecules in coat to avoid hosts immune
  system

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Alveolata

• Have membrane-bound cavities in their surface
• Includes
• Dinoflagellates
• Apicomplexans
• Ciliophora

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Dinoflagellates

• Cause the red tide phenomenon
• More likely in summer
• More likely in high fertility water
• Contain toxins which poison fish, people
• Shellfish ingest become poisonous
• Avoid bivalve molluscs in summer time

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7th Inning Stretch
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Apicomplexans

• Plasmodium
• Causes malaria, killing 2 million annually
• Once controlled through drugs insecticides
• Resistant plasmodia mosquitos now exist
• Sporozoites infectious cells
• Contain membrane-penetrating organelles in an apex

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Plasmodium Survival

• Hides from immune system in liver blood cells
• Changes biochemical signature often to evade
  immunity
• Not unlike changes to peppered moth!

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Ciliophora (Ciliates)

• Move by the use of cilia (short structures all
  over surface)
• Often have
• Macronucleus w/ 50 copies of genome
• Important in asexual reproduction (binary
  fission)
• Micronuclei
• Important in genetic information exchange
  (conjugation)

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Stramenopila

• Includes the potato blight of the Irish Potato
  famine
• Also diatoms
• Phaeophyta (brown algae)
• Some are 60 m long!

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Seaweed Anatomy

• Not plants!
• No stems, roots, or leaves
• Thallus a plant-like body
• They have instead
• A root-like holdfast
• A stem-like stipe
• Leaf-like blade

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Postelsia

• The sea palm
• A brown alga (Phaeophyta)
• Lives on rocks in the intertidal zone
• Must have strong attachment to rocks, as do
  barnacles, mussels, starfish

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Kelp

• Can grow in deep water
• A brown alga (Phaeophyta)
• Like Postelsia, needs strong holdfast
• Unlike Postelsia, has gas-filled bladders
• Keeps kelp closer to surface for sunlight
• Provides home for sea otters