Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami

1
Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami
Earthquake Stats December 26, 2004 9.1-9.3
Magnitude Depth 30 km Epicenter 3.316, 95.854
off the w. coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Type
Subduction, Megathrust (violent earthquake,
usually followed by Tsunami).

• Main Countries Affected include
• Indonesia
• India
• Sri Lanka
• Thailand
• Maldives
• Malaysia

2
Nature of Fault Motion

• Subduction The India Plate moved under the Burma
  plate, causing a Megathrust earthquake. About
  1,600 km (994mi) of faultline moved 50 feet. This
  happened over the course of a few minutes. This
  seabed rupture was 19 miles deep, 250 miles long,
  and 60 miles wide. The original slippage moved
  rather swiftly (1.7 mi/s), down the coast from
  Aceh, Indonesia and moving in a north west
  direction for about 100 seconds. It slowed for
  another 100 seconds, then proceeded much more
  slowly (1.3 mi/s) along the Andaman and Nicobar
  Islands. This was where the fault changed from
  Subduction Zone to Strike-Slip. In this
  Strike-Slip area, the Tsunami damage was
  lessened, because of the reduced speed of water
  displacement.

• Triggered Tsunami, which hit most of the
  coastline along Indian Ocean
• Effects felt as far away as South Africa and
  Madagascar.

3
Damage Assessment

• -229,866 people dead or missing in all countries
  hit.
• -Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand
  suffered the most damage.
• -Tsunami waves up to 30 meters (100 feet) high.
• -Tsunami damage was worsened by a lack of coral
  reefs destroyed in favor of coastal shrimp farms.
• -Humanitarian Aid Equal to 7 Billion (U.S.
  dollars) worldwide given in relief.

4
Lessons Learned

• No Tsunami warning systems because of poor
  country.
• Human impact worsened the tsunami by removing
  the coral reef.
• Area of over-population increased fatalities.
• Recession of ocean water from the shoreline right
  before the Tsunami wave can help warn locals of
  the oncoming disaster, and hopefully prompt them
  to head to higher ground.
• Sourcehttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Oc
  ean_earthquake