The Andaman Sumatra Earthquake and Asian Tsunami

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The Andaman Sumatra Earthquake and Asian Tsunami

• By Kristin Kowalski, Greg Petersen, and Clayton
  Brunette

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The Ground Shook and the Water Rose

• On December 26, 2004 a massive earthquake set a
  series of waves in motion that would be the
  greatest disaster the world had ever seen.

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A Wave of Information

• The Andaman Sumatra Earthquake
• The Asian Tsunami
• What was left afterwards

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Sumatra-Andaman earthquake

• The earthquake lasted nearly 10 minutes, while
  most massive earthquakes last only a few seconds
• 9.0 earthquake caused the entire Earth to vibrate
  and triggered earthquakes all the way up to
  Alaska.

• Earthquake triggered more than 15 earthquakes
  around the area which lead to the cause of the
  tsunami
• Tremendous environmental and economic impact on
  the countries of South Asia

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Earthquake Facts

• The epicenter was at 3.298N, 95.779E and its
  focal depth was very shallow (much less than 33
  km - possibly about 10km) at the triple point
  junction of the three plates.
• Fourth largest earthquake since 1900 with a
  magnitude of 9.0 on the Richter Scale

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Where the Earthquake Occurred

• The initial eruption happened near the location
  of the meeting point of the Australian, Indian
  and Burmese plates.
• 1200 km (750 mi) of faultline slipped about 15 m
  (50 ft) along the subduction zone where the India
  Plate dives under the Burmese Plate.

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The Area of the Earthquake

• Indonesia,Sri Lanka, India,Thailand,the Maldives,
  Somalia, Myanmar, Malaysia,Seychelles

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Predicting the Earthquake

• While earthquakes could not be predicted in
  advance, once the earthquake was detected it was
  possible to give about 3 hours of notice of a
  potential Tsunami

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Power of the Earthquake

• Total energy released by the 2004 Indian Ocean
  earthquake has been estimated as 3.34 exajoules
  (3.351018 joules). This is equivalent to over
  930 terawatt hours, 0.8 gigatons of TNT, or about
  as much energy as is used in the United States in
  11 days.

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Aftershocks

• As of January 1, 2005 after the earthquake there
  were 85 recorded aftershocks with magnitudes
  ranging from 5.0 to 7.0.

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Causing the Tsunami

• The sideways movement between the plates caused
  the sea bed to rise by several meters, displacing
  an estimated 7 cu mi of water by its rising and
  triggering devastating tsunami waves.
• This picture shows the difference of a tsunami
  and wind waves that are blown ashore.

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It came from the Ocean
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Where Did The Water Go?

• The warning signs of a tsunami are
• The tsunami alarm system.
• The recession of the ocean.
• Animals heading for higher ground.
• The water may sting or burn your skin.

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The Asian Tsunami

• Waves coming in at speeds of up to 120 mph
• Waves from 80 to 100 feet high.
• Damage up to 5,300 miles away.
• Began less than an hour after the earthquake.

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The Alarm System
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The Effects of the Tsunami 2004
Death Tolls
Relief Efforts and Cost
Areas Affected
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Aftermath of the Tsunami

• Measured in lives lost, this is one of the ten
  worst earthquakes in recorded history, as well as
  the single worst tsunami in history.

• The death toll reached 283,100 killed,
  14,100 missing, and 1,126,900 people displaced.

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Relief Efforts

• Relief agencies reported that about one-third of
  the deaths were from children.
• About 4 times as many women than men were killed
  from the tsunami.

• Reconstruction of the area hit is estimated to
  take around 5 to 10 years to complete from all of
  the damage done.
• The worldwide community has donated more than 7
  billion in humanitarian aid to those affected by
  the earthquake.

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Areas Affected

• The areas that were affected were the countries
  of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, the
  Maldives, Somalia, Myanmar, Malaysia, and others.
  
• Other countries also had many travelers in the
  area during the holiday season that were lost.

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The Destruction
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