Telescopes and Space Explorations

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Telescopes and Space Explorations
California Standards 1.c., b. and 2.d.
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Wave Theory
Mechanical, i.e. sound and water Need medium
to transmit energy, Oxygen, Nitrogen, etc or
water molecules Electromagnetic
(EM) waves 1. X-rays, visible light, atomic
radiation (gamma) 2. Electromagnetic Spectrum,
arrangement of radiation based upon wave lengths
of energy 3. Speed of light (electromagnetic
radiation) 300,000 km/s, 198,000 miles/s
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Light behaves as a wave and as a particle of
energy. This energy packet,called a photon of
energy. This photon when it strikes an object
causes the electron to jump to a higher state
of energy and is released when an electron moves
to a lower orbital. Either way, an energy
transmission from electrical to chemical is made.
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Long wavelength, low energy
Medium wavelength, medium energy
Short wavelength, high energy
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long wavelength, low energy
Short wavelength, high energy
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Visible spectrum of light we see.
Radio waves
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Telescopes
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Optical Telescopes

• 1. Reflecting telescopes which use a lens to
  focus the light to the observer.
• 2. Refracting telescopes which uses mirrors to
  bend light to the observer.

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Optical telescopes refracting and reflecting,
shorter wave length of energy or visible light.
Reflecting telescopes use mirrors to collect light
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Twin Keck Radio Telescopes, Mauna Kea, Hawaii
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Keck telescopes, Hawaii
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Radio Telescopes

• Much larger than optical telescopes
• Can be used under cloudy sky conditions
• Very large dishes to capture the long
  wavelengths of energy

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Radio telescopes all bodies emit long waves
radiation. Can be used night or day and during
bad weather, such as cloudy sky.
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Very Large Array, Radio Telescopes, NM
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Arcebo radio telescope in Puerto Rico
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Light Pollution Light pollution causes the night
sky to glow so dim lights cannot be
seen. Building codes in Southern California and
Arizona to prevent light pollution. Low-pressure
sodium lights on street lights, shade on street
lights to direct light down, etc.
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Exploration of Space
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Satellite any object that revolves around
another. Our natural satellite is the moon. Space
Probe an instrument that gathers information and
send it back to Earth. First by Russians in 1957
called Sputnik I. First artificial satellite.
Started space exploration U.S. space probes
Voyager 1 and 2, 1977 and Galileo in
1989. Voyager space crafts sent back information
about Uranus, Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune.
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Voyager 1 and 2 satellites
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Grand Tour of Voyager 1 and 2
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Race to the Moon Project Mercury, 1961, President
John F. Kennedy. Alan Shepard first U.S. Citizen
in space. John Glenn first to orbit the Earth in
1962. Goal to put man into orbit and bring it
back safely. First piloted space program. Project
Gemini two astronauts in space. Project Apollo
Apollo 11 first on the moon in 1969. Neil
Armstrong first to set foot on the moon. Thats
one small step for a man, one giant leap for
mankind. Total of 6 lunar landings, with 12 men
having walked on the moon with Apollo 13 being
the last mission.
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Apollo 11AstronautsNeil Armstrong, Michael
Collins and Edwin Aldrin
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Lunar Rover
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Apollo astronaut on the moon, 1969
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Findings from the moon.
Based upon the findings from the Apollo missions
on rocks brought back from the moon and because
the moon has not undergone erosion, rock melting
and cooling, etc., which the Earth has, it has
been estimated that the rocks from the moon and
therefore the Earth are approximately 4.5 to 5
billion years old.
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Moon Rock, 4.5 billion years old.
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Space Shuttle launch
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Space shuttle uses its mechanical arm to place
and retrieve satellites into space and also to
repair satellites. Hubble telescopes was repaired
in this manor.
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Hubble Telescope
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International Space Station
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International Space Station
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International Space Station
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The end for now.