Space Exploration Merit Badge April 2003

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Space Exploration Merit BadgeApril 2003

• Vincent Needham
• Physics Department
• Kansas State University
• http//jrm.phys.ksu.edu/Scouts/

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Summary of Course

• Describe the purpose and operation of a space
  transportation system, including
• Main components
• Typical flight profiles
• Payloads and their missions
• Review some history of space exploration
• Discuss careers in space exploration
• How to learn more...
• Launch and recover model rockets

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First Controlled Powered Flight Orville Wilbur
Wright 1035 a.m. 17 December 1903 Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina
120 feet in 12 seconds!
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Basic Rocketry
? Reaction
Action ?
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2001 Anniversary of Goddards Launch
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"Professor Goddard does not know the relation
between action and reaction and the need to have
something better than a vacuum against which to
react. He seems to lack the basic knowledge
ladled out daily in high schools." 1921 New
York Times editorial "Further investigation and
experimentation, have confirmed the findings of
Isaac Newton in the 17th century, and it is now
definitely established that a rocket can function
in a vacuum as well as in an atmosphere. The
Times regrets the error." 1969 New York Times
retraction
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The Space Shuttle (First Launch 12 April 1981)

• Manned spacecraft
• Orbiter
• LH/LOX Main Engines (SSME)
• Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB)

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Solid Rocket Boosters(SRB)
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Space Shuttle Main Engines(SSME)
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External Tank(ET)
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Orbiter
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Russkiu Sistema Russian Systems

• SL-4 Launcher
• Soyuz Spacecraft
• Progress Ferry
• Mir Space Station
• 1986 - 2001

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SL-4/Soyuz Launcher

• Old (1963), but
• Reliable
• Rugged
• Cheap

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12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin Launched on Vostok
1 First Man in Space
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Soyuz Progress

• Soyuz
• 3 Cosmonauts
• Station Rescue

• Progress
• Modified, Unmanned Soyuz
• Supply Ferry for Mir Station

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Shuttle Flight Profile
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Shuttle Launch STS-107 Columbia 16
January 2003
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ET Foam Strikes Left Wing (about 80 secs after
launch)
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Inside the Shuttle
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Flight Deck

• Flight Controls

• Payload Systems

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Avionics Upgrade
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Mid-Deck

• Crew quarters
• Experiments
• Supplies
• Extended by
• SpaceHab Module
• SpaceLab

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Payloads

• Satellites (Delivered Repaired!)

• SpaceLab/Space Station

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Io Jupiter
Hubble Space Telescope

• Launched on 24 April 1990
• Shuttle service calls in
• December 1993
• February 1997
• October 1999

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Hubbles Greatest Hits
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Planetary Exploration
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Mars Exploration Rovers (MER)
Two rovers Launches KSC on Delta II
06 June 25 June Landings Gusev
Crater Miridiani January 2004
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SpaceLab

• US/European cooperative venture
• Similar to Space Station modules
• NeuroLab, in April 1998, was the last SpaceLab
  mission

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SpaceHab ?Gravity Science(Launched 16 Jan, Lost
01 Feb)
STS-107/Columbia

• Kalpana Chawla, PhD
• -MS2, Aerospace Engineering
• Laurel Blair Clark, MD (Captain, USN)
• -MS4, Zoology Medicine
• Ilan Ramon (Colonel, IAF)
• -PS1, Elec Computer Engineering

• Rick D. Husband (Colonel, USAF)
• -Cdr, Mechanical Engineering
• William C. McCool (Cmdr, USN)
• -Pilot, Computer Science
• Michael P. Anderson (Lt Col, USAF)
• -Payload Cmdr, Physics Astronomy
• David M. Brown, MD (Captain, USN)
• -MS1, Biology Medicine

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STS-107 Overview

• Science Research
• Biology
• Medicine
• Earth Science
• -FREESTAR
• -MEIDEX
• Physics
• -Combustion
• Technology

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Seen From the Ground
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At Work in Orbit
Kalpana Chawla and Laurel Clark in the SpaceHab
Module
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International Space Station

• USA
• Russia
• Europe
• Japan
• Canada

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Mir

• Core module launched in 1986
• Phase 1 of the International Space Station
• Last visiting U.S. astronaut was Andy Thomas
• Final Shuttle-Mir mission was by Discovery on 28
  May 1998.
• Mir re-entry on 23 March 2001

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Station Assembly in 2002
? April STS-110/Atlantis Installs S0 truss
segment station robot arm first used in
spacewalking
June STS-111/Endeavour delivers supplies
experiments 3 spacewalks outfit railroad
?
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Station Assembly in 2002
October STS-112/ Atlantis delivers the S1 Truss
and installs it with 3 spacewalks ?
? STS-113/Endeavour delivers the P1 truss and the
Expedition 6 crew
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Space Station Tour
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ISS as of December 2002
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At Home on the Station

• Astronauts must be safe,
• happy productive

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ISS Expedition 6 Crew Aboard Nov 2002 May 2003

• Nikolai Budarin
• - Cosmonaut
• - Mechanical Eng.
• Ken Bowersox, Cdr
• - Captain, USN
• Mechanical Aero Engineering
• Don Pettit, PhD
• - Chemical Eng.

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• Expedition 7 Crew
• Yuri Malenchenko, Cdr (Colonel, RAF)
• Edward Lu, PhD EE Applied Physics

Launch Friday April 251054 p.m. CDT Docking
Monday April 28 1256 a.m. CDT
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Zarya ?
? Zvezda
Unity ?
Destiny ?
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Re-entry Approach

• Thermal tiles absorb extreme heat

• Dead-stick landing
• Energy management is critical

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Landing

• KSC is preferred spaceport
• Edwards AFB is backup
• White Sands, NM used once

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Pilots Eye View
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STS-107/Columbia Lost 01 Feb 2003
? Amateur astronomers video image may show wing
trouble
Columbia breaks up over Texas ?
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Columbia Left Wing Leading Edge
Foam probably damaged T-seal between RCC panels
8 9
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Things to Come!

• June
• - Launch of two Mars Exploration Rovers
  - Launch of Europes Mars Express
  Beagle II
• Summer Release of CAIB report
• August Launch of Space IR Telescope Facility
• Fall/Winter
• Return of Space Shuttle to ISS
  - Flight of Rutan Scaled
  Composites SpaceShipOne - First Chinese manned
  space flight?
• December Wright Brothers centennial celebrations

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Mars or Bust!
? ESA Mars Express orbiter Beagle II lander ?
? Two NASA/JPL Mars Exploration Rovers
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Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF)
Last of four Great Space Observatories
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Rutan/Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne goes for the
X-Prize

• Privately finances, builds launches a
  spaceship, able to carry three people to 100
  kilometers (62.5 miles)
• Returns safely to Earth
• Repeats the launch with the same ship within 2
  weeks

Voyager
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First Chinese Manned Spacecraft
Shenzhou spacecraft launched on Long March CZ-2F
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Astronaut Qualifications

• How can I become an astronaut?
• Any adult man or woman in excellent physical
  condition who meets the basic qualifications can
  be selected to enter astronaut training.
• For mission specialists and pilot astronauts,
  the minimum requirements include a bachelor's
  degree in engineering, science or mathematics
  from an accredited institution. Three years of
  related experience must follow the degree, and an
  advanced degree is desirable. Pilot astronauts
  must have at least 1,000 hours of experience in
  jet aircraft, and they need better vision than
  mission specialists. Competition is extremely
  keen, with an average of over 4,000 applicants
  for about 20 openings every 2 years.
• Astronaut recruiting occurs periodically. For
  more information, write to the Astronaut
  Selection Office, NASA Johnson Space Center,
  Houston, TX 77058.

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Where to get more information

• Your local library
• The World Wide Web
• Most of this presentation was prepared from WWW
  resources!
• http//www.phys.ksu.edu/area/jrm/vince.html
• http//spacelink.nasa.gov/
• http//www.yahoo.com/Science/Space/ (1315
  listings!)

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Delta II Launch Cam
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Space Shuttle Cam!
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Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
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Roton Test Flight