Earth and Space Science

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Earth and Space Science

• By Harrison Gafurafura
• Science t-1

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ESS1

• The Water Cycle
• This cycle is made up of
• a few main parts
• evaporation (and transpiration)
• condensation
• precipitation
• collection

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Earths ClimateThe average weather in a
place over more than thirty years.
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Changes in the ocean temperature

• Sea level is rising
• Arctic sea ice is melting
• Sea-surface temperatures are warming

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Changes in the atmosphere

• The Greenhouse effect
• Damage to the ozone layer
• Acid rain

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ESS 12 1 Composition Features of Earth
Materials

• Layers of Earth

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Hydrosphere
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Atmosphere
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Geological Evidence Map showing distribution of
fossils on the southern continents. These
distributions caused Wegener to join the
continents as shown in the map.
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ESS131 Fossils

• A fossil is the prehistoric remains of a plant or
  animal. There are usually preserved when they are
  buried under many layers of sand and mud. Under
  pressure the sand and mud become sedimentary
  rock. Minerals go into the fossil replacing the
  remains and creating a copy in stone.

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Fossil
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ESS141 OBSERVATION OF EARTH FROM SPACE
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ESS151

• Plates movement

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ESS1 5 2Landforms
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ESS1 5 2Ocean floor
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ESS1 5 3

• Convection
• The transfer of
• heat by movements
• of a fluid
• Convection happens in the Earth's crust,
• ocean, atmosphere

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ESS611Rockcycle
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ESS162Sedimentaryrocks
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Igneous rock
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Metamorphic rock
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ESS163How is sedimentary rock formed

• Little pieces of our earth have been
  eroded--broken down and worn awayby wind and
  water.
• These little bits of our earth are washed
  downstream where they settle to the bottom of the
  rivers, lakes, and oceans.
• Layer after layer of eroded earth is deposited on
  top of each.
• These layers are pressed down more and more
  through time, until the bottom layers slowly turn
  into rock

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ESS164Rocks physical characteristics

• Hardness is the ability of one substance to
  scratch another substance
• Density Luster
• Cleavage Color
• Twinning Special light effects
• Transparency Streak
• Fracture

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ESS171
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ESS172 properties of water

• Chemical Properties- one atom of oxygen bound to
  two atoms of hydrogen
• Physical properties- the only natural substance
  that is found in all three states -- liquid,
  solid (ice), and gas (steam). It has mass and
  density

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ESS173

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ESS211
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ESS212
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ESS213

• Earths rotation on its axis causes day and night.
• .one complete revolution around the sun is called
  a year.
• The phase of the moon you see depends on how much
  of the sunlit side of the moon faces earth.
• An eclipse occurs when an object in space comes
  between the sun and a third object,and casts a
  shadow on that object.
• .Tides are caused by the interaction of the
  earth,the moon and sun

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ESS221

• The suns energy comes from nuclear fusion
• In process of nuclear fusion, hydrogen atoms join
  together to form helium
• Light heat gradually move from the core of the
  sun to its atmosphere and escape to space.
• Some of this light and heat reach earth,
  becoming earth Maine source of energy
• .

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ESS214The relationship between Earth,Sun,and
moon
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ESS231

• There are 8 planets
• The four inner planets are small and have rocky
  surfaces. These planets are Mercury, Venus,
  Earth, and Mars.
• The four outer planets-Jupiter , Saturn,Uranus,
  Neptune are much larger then earth and do not
  have solid surfaces,

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ESS232

• Newton concluded that two factors- inertial and
  gravity combine to keep the planets I orbit.
• The tendency of a moving object to continue in a
  straight line or a stationary object to remain in
  place is the objects inertia.
• The force, called gravity, attracts all objects
  toward one another.

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ESS233

• Earth has liquid water and a suitable temperature
  range and atmosphere for living things to
  survive.
• Other planets do not have such favorable
  conditions, which scientists sometimes call the
  goldilocks condition.

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ESS234

• Visit these websites for excellent information on
  the planets
• http//www.space.com/planets/
• http//pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/

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ESS235

• Gravitational force attracts all objects toward
  one another,
• The strength of gravity depends on objects and
  the distance between them.
• The planets are in orbit around the sun because
  the suns gravity pulls on them while their
  inertia keeps them moving ahead.

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ESS241

• Satellites, rockets observatories and telescopes
  are tools used to explore the solar system.

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ESS311

• 1 AU 149,597,870.691 kilometers
• An Astronomical Unit is approximately the mean
  distance between the Earth and the Sun
• ESS 312
• A light year is a way of measuring distance
• A light year is 5,865,696,000,000 miles
  (9,460,800,000,000 kilometers)