Alcohol

1
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Therapeutic use a prescribed medication taken
  for a specific purpose
• Recreational use used for achieving a
  pleasurable feeling or psychological state
• Licit legal
• Illicit illegal
• Drug abuse excessive or inappropriate use of a
  drug that results in an impairment

2
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Drug addiction a psychological or physiological
  need for a drug to maintain a sense of well-being
  to avoid withdrawal
• Tolerance more of the substance is needed to
  achieve the same effect
• Withdrawal physiological or psychological
  symptoms that occur when the drug is stopped (eg
  delirium tremens)

3
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Wine 12-14 alcohol 2.7 gallons
• Beer 3-6 alcohol 32 gallons
• Liquor 40-50 alcohol 1.8 gallons
• 10 of the people in America drink approx 50 of
  all the alcohol
• The average person can process about 1 drink an
  hour
• Alcohol is a depressant

4
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Social drinkers drink only on occasion
• Heavy drinkers likely to become intoxicated
  when drinking
• Acute alcoholic plan their schedule around
  their drinking, cannot control their drinking
• Chronic alcoholic lost control engage in
  compulsive behavior

5
Alcohol Other Drugs

• More men that women drink
• Men are more likely to be a problem
• However, the teen years, the drinking patterns
  are very similar
• Before age 30 Whites drink more than Blacks.
  After 30, that is reversed.

6
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Health problems
• Nutritional problems B Vitamins are depleted,
  diabetes risk is increased
• Alcoholic dementia Korsakoffs syndrome
• Cardiovascular problems stroke, high blood
  pressure increased cholesterol

7
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Cirrhosis of the liver 9th leading cause of
  death in the US with most occurring between the
  ages of 40 and 65
• Alcoholic gastritis GERD, hiatal hernia
• Fetal alcohol syndrome drinking while pregnant
  causes craniofacial malformations and sometimes
  mental retardation http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe
  tal_Alcohol_Syndrome

8
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Lost productivity time spent in treatment
  programs due to alcoholism cost about 100
  billion annually
• 1,300 fatal occupational accidents annually
  making alcohol, cocaine marijuana as the three
  leading substances involved in workplace injuries
  and deaths

9
Alcohol Other Drugs

• If BAC is .08 you are DUI
• Alcohol is responsible for 41 of all fatal
  traffic accidents for ages 16-24 in the US
• 20.5 for all traffic accidents regardless of age
  in the US
• Responsible for increased violence murder,
  domestic violence, child abuse, rape, etc.

10
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Nicotine is a stimulant
• 14 adults smoke
• 70 of all smokers smoke more than 15 cigarettes
  a day.
• Responsible for 20 of the deaths in US
• Increased cancer lungs, larynx, mouth,
  esophagus, etc.

11
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Smokers are 10 times more likely to contract
  cancer than nonsmokers
• Increased health problems bronchitis,
  emphysema, ulcers, heart problems, circulation
  problems
• 10 cigarettes a day reduces life expectancy by 4
  years 40 cigarettes reduces live expectancy by 8
  years

12
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Second hand smoke 75 of the nicotine ends up
  in the air
• Makes for a lower birth weight sometimes slower
  physical mental growth
• Children get more ear infections, bronchitis,
  sinusitis, allergies, asthma, etc

13
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Prescription drugs
• Opioids (narcotics) are commonly abused
• Iatrogenic addiction drug addiction from a
  physician approved medication
• Ritalin overprescribed in boys and African
  Americans
• Prozac increased violent thoughts in those
  already contemplating violence

14
Alcohol Other Drugs

• OTC drugs
• Aspirin can cause Reyes Syndrome in children
• Overdoses with analgesics is common, suicide can
  occur
• DXM
• Methamphetamine is made out of pseudoephedrine
  and ephedrine http//www.facesofmeth.us
  /main.htm

15
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Caffeine
• Caffeine intoxication is a mental disorder
• http//www.drowning.com/caffeine.html
• Long-term use (3 cups coffee, 5 cups tea)
• Increased risk of heart attack
• Increased risk of osteoporosis

16
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Marijuana
• 13 over the age of 12 have tried it
• 5 to 15 times stronger than in the 1960s
• Drug testing in companies has increased
• Drug-free Ohio has made testing mandatory
• 1st time assessment counseling, 2nd time
  results in termination of employment

17
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Health concerns
• Impairs concentration recall
• Increases apathy, causes motivation problems,
  failure to achieve long-term goals is common
• Low birth weight, congenital problems, premature
  delivery neurological problems for infants in
  gestation

18
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Increased risk of cancer lung problems
• Marinol medical marijuana, used to relieve
  nausea vomiting is legal in eight states
  Alaska, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine,
  Nevada, Oregon Washington

19
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Stimulants
• Cocaine crack are instantly addictive
• Coca-cola did not become cocaine free until 1929
• Cocaine is the 3rd most widely used drug today,
  after alcohol marijuana
• 23 million people total 1.7 million in the last
  month have used coke

20
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Health problems
• Higher rates of infection, heart disturbance,
  internal bleeding, hypertension, cardiac arrest,
  stroke, hemorrhaging, neurological disorders and
  cardiovascular disorders
• Increased risk of AIDS
• Crack babies

21
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Depressants
• Barbiturates Seconal, Nembutal
• Antianxiety Valium, Xanax, Librium
• Rohypnol GBH rape drugs

22
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Heroin
• 300,000 to 700,000 users in the US
• Young, minority male, under age 30 live in a
  low-income are of a big city is most common user
• Long term use causes respiratory depression,
  coma, death, AIDS

23
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Hallucinogens
• Peyote, LSD, PCP, XTC (MDMA), Jimson Weed
• Medical problems agitation, anxiety, paranoia,
  hallucinations, disorientation,

24
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Biological explanations
• Genetic factors children of addicts have a
  biological predisposition to addiction
• Neurological factors the pleasure centers of
  the brain are reinforced

25
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Psychological explanations
• Antisocial personality, mood disordered, anxiety
  disordered people are vulnerable
• Hyperactivity, learning disabilities
  behaviorally disordered
• Low self-esteem, low motivation

26
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Symbolic interactionist perspective
• Drug behavior is learned. It is part of a
  subculture where drug seeking attitudes, beliefs
  behaviors are reinforced.
• Labeling theory Once labeled an addict, it is
  hard to change

27
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Functionalist perspective
• Social institutions (family, church, schools,
  etc) have become fragmented disorganized
  cannot keep drug behavior in check
• Drugs ease pain, cure illness and sometimes
  extend life
• Provide employment for doctors, pharmacists
  drug companies

28
Alcohol Other Drugs

• The Conflict perspective
• People in positions of economic political power
  regulate the drug industry make laws to keep
  the minority oppressed
• Corporate interests perpetuate the use abuse of
  legal drugs (tobacco companies)

29
Alcohol Other Drugs

• Treatment programs
• Outpatient programs
• Inpatient programs
• Day treatment programs
• Alcoholic Anonymous other 12-step groups