How the Urinary System Removes Waste

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How the Urinary System Removes Waste

• The urinary system filters waste from the blood
  and produces urine in the kidneys then it
  removes the urine from the body. Adults produce
  about a quart and a half of urine every day, but
  that amount can vary greatly depending on how
  much fluid and what types of foods are consumed
  and how much fluid is lost by sweating or
  breathing.

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How the Urinary System Removes Waste

• Two bean-shaped organs called the kidneys are
  found in the abdomen, near the back and just
  below the ribs. The kidneys are responsible for
  filtering the blood. The filtrate, as it moves
  through the kidney tubules, is modified to
  produce urine. The two kidneys lie behind the
  peritoneum on the posterior abdominal wall near
  the 12th thoracic and first three lumbar
  vertebrae. The right kidney is slightly lower
  than the left kidney. Each kidney and suprarenal
  gland is encased in a perinephric fat capsule,
  which is covered by a membranous renal fascia.
  Paranephric fat lies outside of the renal fascia.

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How the Urinary System Removes Waste

• Each kidney is shaped like a kidney bean
  (surprised?) with an anterior and posterior
  surface. The renal hilum is located at the medial
  border and allows the renal artery to enter the
  kidney and the renal vein to leave. It also
  allows the ureter to exit the kidney. The
  internal part of the kidney includes a section
  called the medulla surrounded by a covering
  called the cortex. The medulla contains minor
  calyces that merge to form major calyces. The
  innermost renal pelvis is formed by the merger of
  the major calyces.

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• The body needs a way to store the urine until you
  have a convenient time to urinate (remove urine
  from the body). Urine leaves the kidneys and
  travels down the ureters to the bladder is a
  thin-walled, bag-like organ that can hold up to
  two cups of urine.
• The bladder is connected to the urethra, which is
  a tube that opens externally through an opening
  called the external meatus. Sphincter muscles
  keep urine from leaving the bladder until the
  person is ready to urinate. The female urethra is
  quite short, whereas the male urethra is longer
  and runs through the penis.

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How the Urinary System Removes Waste

• Sometimes in the process of filtering blood and
  forming urine, salt-and-mineral crystals form in
  the kidneys. These kidney stones can travel down
  the ureters and into the bladder. The stones vary
  in size, and in some cases passing kidney stones
  can be extremely painful. The stones can become
  lodged in the ureter, blocking the flow of urine
  and causing a back-up of urine in the kidney.

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