The Urinary System

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The Urinary System

• Anatomy Physiology Unit 8

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Organs of the Urinary System

• Kidneys
• Organ that filters the blood and removes wastes
• Ureter
• Tube that carries wastes from the kidney to the
  bladder
• Urinary bladder
• Sac that stores liquid wastes
• Urethra
• Tube that carries liquid waste from the bladder
  to outside the body

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Organs of the Urinary System

• Kidney
• They are located in the lower back and receive
  some protection from the rib cage
• There is three parts to the kidney renal cortex,
  renal medulla and renal columns

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Organs of the Urinary System

• Kidney
• The renal artery supplies the kidney with the
  dirty blood supply and the renal vein takes the
  clean blood back to the heart to be
  re-circulated
• The kidney contains millions of structures called
  nephrons
• Nephrons are responsible for forming urine

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Organs of the Urinary System

• Ureters
• Tubes about 25cm in length and 6mm in width
• They carry the urine from the kidney to be stored
  in the bladder

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Organs of the Urinary System

• The bladder
• A smooth, collapsible sac that stores urine
  temporarily
• It is made of a special type of epithelial tissue
• When empty it collapses to about 5cm long
• When full it is about 12.5 cm long and can hold
  about 500ml of urine

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Organs of the Urinary System

• Urethra
• The tubes that carry the urine out of the body
• In females the urethra is about 3-4cm long
• In males it is about 20cm long (it is both part
  of the urinary and reproductive system in males)

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Purpose of the Urinary System

• Purpose is to remove liquid wastes from the body
  and maintain the water/salt balance
• Urea waste that results from the breakdown of
  body protein
• Urine liquid waste

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Pathway of the Urinary System

• Pathway of excretion
• The blood flows into the kidney
• Water, salt, sugar and urea are forced out of the
  blood
• The blood continues in the vessel and the waste
  stays in tube and carried through the ureter to
  the bladder
• The clean blood travels back to the heart
• A healthy person will excrete 1 liter of urine a
  day

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Urine

• Urine can range in color from clear to dark amber
• The yellow is due to urochrome, a pigment that
  results from the destruction of hemoglobin
• The more solutes in urine the deeper the yellow
  therefore, dilute urine is a pale yellow color

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Urine

• Urine is sterile and has a slight aroma
• Some drugs, vegetables and diseases will alter
  the smell of urine
• Normally found in urine
• Na and K ions
• Urea
• uric acid
• Creatinine
• Ammonia
• Bicarbonate ions

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urine

• Substances NOT normally found in urine
• Glucose
• Blood proteins
• Red blood cells
• Hemoglobin
• White blood cells (pus)
• bile

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Abnormal urinary constitutes

• Glucose excessive intake of sugary foods /or
  Diabetes mellitus
• Proteins excessive physical exertion or
  pregnancy
• Pus urinary tract infection
• RBCs injury to kidneys, kidney stones,
  infection
• Hemoglobin transfusion reaction, hemolytic
  anemia
• Bile Liver disease /or hepatitis