Pribnow box

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Typical promoter region in prokaryotes
Pribnow box
3
5 A
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Promoters in E. coli share some common
consensus sequences...

• the sequence at the promoter can regulate
  efficiency of initiation
• different sigma factors may associate with RNA
  polymerase, which target specific promoters

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• E. coli RNA polymerase consists of 5 subunits
• 2 alpha, 1 beta, 1 beta prime, and sigma

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Sigma dissociates
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• Rho factor factor mediated termination
• In an ATP-mediated reaction, a rho protein
  complex binds to the mRNA and unwinds RNA from
  the DNA template
• recognition sites may not have hairpins or U
  tracts tend to be C-rich

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Typical promoter region in eukaryotes
3
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Transcription termination in eukaryotes
GU
Cleavage factors CFI and CFII
Size regulated by PABII
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Codon table
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tRNA processing takes place in the nucleous
Nucleotidyl transferase
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tRNA
Dehydroxy uridine
pseudouracyl
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Large ribosomal subunit
rRNA blue
Protein (purple)
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Exon recognition
Serine/arginine Splicing factors
Exonic splicing enhancers
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Self splicing ribozymes
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Alternative splicing 1 gene can produce more
than 1 polypeptide
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Trans-splicing
Cytochrome P450 genes
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Protein synthesis summary
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