???? RNA????

1
???? RNA???? (??) RNA Biosynthesis
(Transcription)
2
?? (transcription) ????DNA?????RNA??? ?
??
3
????????
4
???????
?? NTP (ATP, UTP, GTP, CTP) ?? DNA ?
RNA???(RNA polymerase, RNA-pol) ???????
5
???
???? Templates and Enzymes
6
??????

• DNA??????RNA???,??????(structural gene)?
• DNA?????????????????RNA?????,?????(template
  strand),????????Watson??????????????(coding
  strand),???????Crick??

7
5'GCAGTACATGTC 3'
???
3' c g t g a t g t a c a g 5'
???
??
mRNA
5'GCAGUACAUGUC 3'
??
NAla Val His Val C
???
8
????
5? 3?
3? 5?
???
???
???
???
9
?????(asymmetric transcription)

• ?DNA?????????,???????????,???????
• ???????????????

10
??RNA???
(?)?????RNA???
11
??? (core enzyme)
?? (holoenzyme)
12
RNA??????????????
13
(?)?????RNA???
14
????????????
???????????????????,?????(operon),?????????????(up
stream)??????
RNA???????DNA???,?????(promoter)?
15
RNA??????
? ?
16
-35 ?
????
-10 ?
T T G A C A A A C T G T
T A T A A T Pu A T A T T A Py
RNA-pol???? (recognition site)
(Pribnow box)
???????????
17
????
-GCGC---CAAT---TATA
???????????
18
???
???? The Process of Transcription
19
???????????
(?)????

• ???????????
• RNA?????????????????????
• DNA????,???????????????

20
??????
1. RNA?????(?2????)?????
2. DNA????
3. ?RNA???????????????,?????????
5?-pppG -OH NTP ? 5?-pppGpN - OH 3? ppi
???????
RNApol (?2????) - DNA - pppGpN- OH 3?
21
(?)????
1. ?????,RNApol????????,???????,??DNA????
2. ???????,NTP????,RNA??????
(NMP) n NTP ?? (NMP) n1 PPi
22
????(transcription bubble)
RNA-pol (???) DNA RNA
? ?
23
? ?
24
DNA
RNA
5?
3?
RNA???
???
???????????????
25
(?)????
?RNA????DNA???????????,????RNA?????????????
??

• ??Rho (?)???????
• ???Rho???????

26
1. ?? Rho???????
A T P
27
2. ??? Rho???????
DNA????????,?????????,???RNA?,RNA???????????????
28
DNA
5?TTGCAGCCTGACAAATCAGGCTGATGGCTGGTGACTTTTTAGTCACCA
GCCTTTTT... 3?
5UUGCAGCCUGACAAAUCAGGCUGAUGGCUGGUGACUUUUUAGUCACCA
GCCUUUUU... 3
5UUGCAGCCUGACAAAUCAGGCUGAUGGCUGGUGACUUUUUAGUCACCA
GCCUUUUU... 3
5UUGCAGCCUGACAAAUCAGGCUGAUGGCUGGUGACUUUUUAGUCACCA
GCCUUUUU... 3
RNA
??(stem-loop)/??(hairpin)??
29
????????????

• ?RNA?????,????
• ??????????,RNA?????

30
???????????
(?)????
?????????????????????,?????,RNA-pol???????,???????
??????
31
1. ??????????
???
??????(cis-acting element)
????
AATAAA
???
?????
?????
?????
???
???
TATA?
OCT-1
CAAT?
GC?
OCT-1ATTTGCAT???
32
2. ????
?????????????????DNA????,???????,?????????(trans-a
cting factors)?
???????,???????RNA????,???????(transcriptional
factors, TF)?
33
??RNA-pol????TF?
34
3. ???????? (pre-initiation complex, PIC)
????RNA-pol??DNA??????,????????????
35
?RNA-Pol ??????PIC
TAF
TBP
?B
TATA
?A
TF?D-?A-?B-DNA???
?H
?E
?H
?E
TAF
TBP
TF?F
?B
TATA
?A
PIC????,TF?H?CTD???
36
4. ????(piecing theory)
?????????????3?5????????????????,?????,????????,??
RNA??????????????????????
37
(?)????
???????????????????,???????,?????????????
RNA-pol???????????
???????????????????????
38
???????????
???
RNA-Pol
????
RNA-Pol
RNA-Pol
39
(?)????
???????????
AAAAAAA 3? mRNA
5? ------AAUAAA--
3???
5?------AAUAAA-
???
-GUGUGUG
RNA-pol
5?
3?
AATAAA GTGTGTG
5?
3?
????????
40
???
?????????? Post-transcriptional Modification
41
?????????
2. ??(cleavage)
1. ??(splicing)
3. ??(modification)
4. ??(addition)
42
??????mRNA??????
(?)??????

• 5???? ????(m7GpppGp )
• 3???????????(poly A tail)

43
????
44
???????
5? pppGp
45
(?)mRNA???
1. hnRNA ? snRNA

• ?????mRNA?????RNA (hetero-nuclear RNA, hnRNA)
• snRNA (small nuclear RNA)

46
????(splite gene)
????????,?????????????????????????,??????????,????
??????????????,???????????
??? A?B?C?D
47
2. ???(exon)????(intron)

• ???
• ????????????????,??????RNA??????
• ???
• ?????????????????????????

48
?????????????????
???????
hnRNA
?????
hnRNA??
???mRNA
? ?
49
mRNA
DNA
???????mRNA?DNA?????
? ?
50
3. ??????
?????????????,????????4??
I?????????????????????? rRNA?? II???????????,??
???mRNA III?????????????,???mRNA????????
IV?tRNA???????????????,???????ATP?
51
4. mRNA???
??hnRNA?????,???????

• snRNP?hnRNA???????

?
? ?
52
?
?
53
pG-OH (ppG-OH, pppG-OH)

• ???????????

54
5. mRNA???(mRNA editing)

• RNA??????,??????????????,?????????,?????????(dif
  ferential RNA processing)?

55
??tRNA??????
tRNA??
? ?
56
? ?
57
tRNA??????????
ATP
ADP
? ?
58
????
? ?
59
??rRNA??????
60
??? ?
??(ribozyme)
???????RNA?????
61
???rRNA???????????
???rRNA????????
5-??????
62

• ?rRNA?,tRNA?mRNA??????????????

• ???????????????
• (hammerhead structure)

• ???60??????
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????

????
63

• ???????

• ?????,???????????
• ??????????????
• ??????????????? ?

64
???????

• ???????????
• ???????????
• X ???????
• ???????

? ?
65
??
66
???RNA?????
67
????? RNA ??
68
1. DNA???,????RNA?????
A ??? B ??? C ??? D Crick ? E ?????
69
2. ?????
A ??????? B ????????? C ???? D ?????? E ?????
70
3. ??mRNA???????
A ?RNA???80?? B ???RNA?????? C ??????????? D
???snRNA E ???RNA???????
71
4. DNA??????????5AGCATCTA, ?
???mRNA????????
A 5TCGTAGAT B 5UCGUAGAU C 5UAGAUGCU D
5TAGATGCT E ?????
72
5. RNA ??????
A ??,????? B ??,????? C ??????,???????,???? D
??,????? E ??,?????
73
6. ????Pho???????????????
A ?RNA???polC??????? B ?GTP???? C ???????? D
Pho?????????????? E Pho??????????RNA???????
74
7. ??????????????
A mRNA????????DNA?? B ????mRNA???DNA?? C
RNA??????DNA?????DNA?? D ?????????DNA?? E
DNA???????DNA?????DNA??
75
8. ??????????
A ??? B ??? C ??? D ???? E ???
76
9. ?????????????
A ??????????? B ???FAD C ?snRNA?????? D
??????? E ?????????polU
77
10. ???????????????
A ????????? B ?????RNA???????? C
????????????? D ?????RNA???????? E ?????????????
78
11. Which subunit recognize transcription
starting site?
A ? B ? C ? D ? E ?
79
12. The enzyme needed for transcription
process is
A DDDP B DDRP C primase D RDRP E nuclease
80
13. The raw material for synthesis of RNA is
A dNTP B dNMP C NMP D NTP E NDP
81
14. The transcription factor which can bind TATA
box in RNA polymerase?joined
transcription is
A TF ?A B TF ?B C TF ?D D TF ?E E TF ?F
82
15. DNA???RNA???????
A ????DNA??? B ??DNA???DNA??? C ?????????? D
?????5?3 E ?????NTP
83
16. ????mRNA ???????
A 5????? B 3????A? C 3??CCA-OH D ????? E
?????


84
17 ???????????,???????? ????????????
A ??????DNA????(?????)?? ?????????,?????????
B ????????????? C ??????????? 5? 3? D
??????RNA??? E DNA????RNA??????Mg2 ?
85
18 ????RNA????????????
A NMP B NDP C NTP D dNDP E dNTP
TTP ?
??DNA????
86
19 ????RNA??? II ??????RNA?? ?????
A hnRNA B 45s-rRNA C tRNA D 5s-rRNA E snRNA
87
20 ????RNA??????????????? ??????
A ? B ? C ? D ? E ? F ?
88
21. ??DNA?????? 5-tgacgt-3,????RNA ??????
A. 5-agguca-3 B. 5-acguca-3 C.
5-ucgucu-3 D. 5-acgtca-3 E. 5-acgugt-3
89
22. ????promoter???,????????
A. ? ??????????????DNA??? B. ?hnRNA
5?????????DNA??? C. RNA??????DNA????? DNA??? D.
??????????DNA??? E. ??????????DNA???
90
23. ??????????????
A. dNTP? B. DNA????RNA???? C. RNA????DNA???? D.
NTP? E. DNA???
91
24. ??RNA??,??????????
A. DNA?????????? B. ????? C. ??????? D.
???????????? E. ???????????
92
25. ??RNA???DNA??,????? ??????
A. ???? dNTP? B. ????????? C. ??????5?3? D.
???????????? E. ??????????????G/C?C/G?
93
26. ??????RNA??????,?? ?????
A. ?????,????( ???? ?)??? B. ??????????? ? C.
?????????????????DNA??? D. ???????RNA???????? E.
??????????
94
27. ???????
A. ????,???????????????? B. RNA?????DNA????????? C
. ?DNA?????????????????? D. ?????????? E.
?????????????
95
28. ????
A. ?????,????????? B. ??RNA?DNA??????????
RNA-DNA???? C. ????? D. ???5?3? E. ??RNA??? ?
96
29. ??????????mRNA? ??????
A. ?5??????? B. ?3????A????? C.
?????,?????? D. ?3?? CCA ????? E. ????????
97
30. ????mRNA??????????
A. ??hnRNA??? B. 3??????? C.
???mRNA????????? D. 5????A??? E. ????????
98
31. tRNA??????
A. ????????????????? B. ???A ?3??? C.
??????????? D. 5????? E. ?CCA?????
99
32. ????RNA?????????? ????????
A. ?rRNA?????? B. ???tRNA?3??? C. ????A??? D.
??????mRNA? ? E. ?7-???????????
100
33. ????
A. ???????? B. ???????? C. ??????? D. ???? ? E.
???????