Warring CityStates

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Warring City-States

• Greece and Sparta

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Rule and Order in City-States

• Polis The Fundamental Greek political unit
• Made up of city-state and the surrounding
  countryside
• At public center was Acropolis male citizens
  gathered there

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Greek Political Structure

• Monarchy Govt ruled by a King or monarch
• Aristocracy Govt ruled by nobles and
  landowners
• Oligarchy Govt ruled by a few powerful people

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Defending the Polis (city-state)

• Iron became cheaper than bronze
• Now ordinary citizens could afford Iron spears
  and shields
• Commoners defending the polis make up a new
  army
• Foot-soldiers (Hoplites) used the Phalanx
  formation to dominate opposing armies

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The Phalanx
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Phalanx
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Feared Warriors The Spartans

• Uniqueness of Spartas geography (pg. 112)
• Spartans built a military state
• Conquered areas made people helots or slaves

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Spartan Government

• Government composed of two groups The Assembly
  (free adult males voted on issues) and the
  Council of Elders (proposed laws)
• 5 elected ephors carried out the laws

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Spartan Education

• Spartans lives were completely focused on the
  military
• Spartan Goal Produced tough, battle-tested
  warriors
• Age 7 Boys left home went into army barracks
• Age 20 Allowed to marry, but still lived
  full-time with army
• Age 60 Retirement from Army live w/family

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Questions to answer

• How did life differ for Spartan women? (Think
  about their differences with Spartan men and with
  Athenian women)
• What did the Spartans sacrifice by focusing so
  much on the military?

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Democracy in Athens

• Athens avoided problems by creating the first
  democracy Rule by the people
• Who were excluded from being full-citizens?
• What was the expected role for women in Athens?

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The Political and Economic Reformers in Greece

• What was each of the following reformers
  responsible for and what did it do???
• Draco
• Solon

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Reforms of Cleisthenes

• Helped the democracy by limiting the nobility
• Regular citizens now could propose laws and
  debate
• Created the Council of Five Hundred random
  collection that proposed laws and counseled the
  assembly
• 1/5 of Athenian residents were full-citizens

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The Persian Wars

• Persian King Darius was upset that Greeks were
  settling in Ionia (coast of Anatolia)
• Darius put down the revolt in Anatolia and wanted
  to burn Athens in revenge

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Battle of Marathon

• Persians sent a fleet to Marathon
• 25,000 Persians vs. 10,000 Athenians
• Persians light armor no match for Greek phalanx
  formations
• Outcome 6,400 Persians dead only 192 Athenians

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Athens Undefended

• After Marathon, the city of Athens was undefended
• Army sent their best runner Pheidippides to run
  to Athens to alert them of possible attack
• 26-mile journey now known as a Marathon

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After 10 years Persian War continues

• Darius son Xerxes now in power for Persia
• What did some people in Athens want to do when
  the Persians came back?
• What happened at the following battles
• Thermopylae
• Salamis
• Plataea