Greek CityStates Chapter 5

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Greek City-StatesChapter 5

• World History and Geography
• Mr. Holguin

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Greek Geography

• The coasts became very important to Greek
  development.
• Mountains and short rivers made it difficult for
  cities to unite.
• Greek was vulnerable to invasion from the north
  and from the seas.

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Early Greeks

• Minoans- Named after King Minos, this
  civilization is known for its frescoes.
• Many became sailors and traders because of the
  poor Greek soil.

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Mycenaeans 1600 BC 1200 BC

• They were a warrior society that separated
  themselves into clans and tribes.
• They kept records in a written language known as
  linear B.

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City-States of Greece

• Polis- a central fortress, surrounding city, and
  farms of a city-state.
• Acropolis- a hill that most city-states fort was
  built on.
• Agora- a marketplace where people traded and met.

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Government and Society

• The Iliad and the Odyssey were poems by Homer
  that talks of the Trojan war and its results.
• Their religion explained nature, emotions, and
  brought good or bad luck.

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Zeus and Hera
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Poseidon and Ares
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Dionysus and Aphrodite
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Religion

• Myths- stories about Greek gods that explained
  aspects of nature or life in general.
• Oracles- Special places where one could talk to
  the messenger of the gods.
• Olympic Games- were held to honor Zeus

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Government 101

• Aristocracy- Government where the people are
  ruled by a group of nobles.
• Hoplites- Heavily armored soldiers who brought an
  end to aristocratic forces.
• Popular government, Democracy- The idea that
  people should rule over themselves.

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THIS IS SPARTA!

• Equals- land was divided evenly and controlled
  the city-state.
• Half-citizens- freemen who had no political
  power.
• Helots- slaves of the Spartan people, they worked
  for the City-state.

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Spartans, what is your occupation?

• Sparta controlled the lives of every citizen.
• At age 7, boys left home to begin military
  training that ended at age 60.
• Women were tested for strength and health on a
  regular basis.
• Due to a total focus on military, Sparta left
  little art literature.

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Athens

• Citizens- only Athenian born men had full
  political rights.
• Metics- born elsewhere, but were free. They could
  not own land.
• Slaves- Captured after war, treated as property.

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Athenian Government

• Draco created Athens first written law code in
  621 BC.
• Solon settled debts for the poor and ended
  slavery as payment for debt.
• Peisistratus- ruled over Athens as a tyrant.

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Life in Athens

• Many farmers carved terraces into the hillside.
• Most marriages were arranged about the time the
  girl turned 14.
• At age 7, boys were under the care of a pedagogue.

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The Persian Wars 500 BC

• Battle of Marathon- The Persians, led by
  Darius,entered Greece in attempt to take over.
  The Athenians fought off the Persians.
• Battle of Thermopylae- 300 Spartans fought to
  their deaths against the massive forces of Xerxes
  and the Persians.

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The Delian League

• Themistocles, the leader of Athens, and Sparta
  finally defeated Persia at Platea which ended the
  Persian Wars.
• The Delian League was formed with Athens at the
  lead to unite the city-states from any more
  invasion.

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Age of Pericles

• Under Pericles (461-429 BC), more males could
  hold office.
• A standardized system of weights and measurements
  was established.
• He forced many more city states to join the
  Delian League.

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Peloponnesian War 461 BC

• Athens and Sparta went to war over trade disputes
  and a long rivalry.
• Sparta had a stronger army, but Athens had a
  superior navy.
• With the help of allied city states, Sparta
  starved Athens and won the war.

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EXTRA CREDIT 1

• This is the famous Greek food that usually
  consists of rotisserie pork, tomatoes, spices,
  and other vegetables wrapped in pita bread.

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EC 2

• What Olympic event is shown here?