The Punic Wars

1
The Punic Wars

• Who is your greatest enemy? Why?

2
Expansion

• Rome conquered Samnites and began to expand
  throughout the pennisula
• Syracuse in Sicily attacked Mammertines who had
  captured Messina, Mammertines asked for
  assistance from Rome and Carthage
• Both came to the aide and started a 20 yr war

3
Carthage

• Carthage was a Phoenician colony
• Great sailors who controlled the Western
  Mediterranean
• Developed as a military power house at the same
  time Rome was rising as a power house
• In North Africa with well protected ports
• Rome called Punicci

4
First Punic War

• A 20 yr war between Rome and Carthage
• Rome took Sicily and Sardinia, and developed a
  method of using a hook called a crow to fight on
  ships like on land, defeated young general named
  Hamilcar Baracawas
• Carthage forced to pay a retribution for losing
  the war
• Carthage almost went bankrupt trying to repay Rome

5
Hannibal and the 2nd Punic War

• Hamilcar had a son Hannibal, son to Baal a
  Phoenician god, made him take an oath pledging to
  always hate Rome
• Rome invaded Spain and drove the Carthiginians
  out or made them pay heavy taxes, began to rebel
  asked for help, Hannibal had a large army and
  responded
• Rome had built a larger navy and controlled the
  sea even though the Carthigininas were better
  sailors, decided to cross the Alps w/ war
  elephants and force Rome to recall all of their
  troops, Hannibal croosed the Alps w/ 26,000
  infantry, 4,000 calvary and 20 of 60 war
  elephants, aided by the Gauls who were at war
  with Rome he headed south
• Defeated the Roman army 3 xs until Rome put a
  new general w/ 36,000 men in the way at Lake
  Trasemine

6
Hannibal And the 2nd Punic War, part2

• Rome paniced as a large army was destroyed then
  Hannibal led his army against new consuls, at
  Cannae
• Trapped the Romans against a river and killed
  over 70,000 Romans including the consul from the
  senate in charge
• Rome paniced and began drafting boys of age 16
  and slaves into the army, was breaking apart
  Roman system
• 15 yrs of fighting, Hannibal asked for help from
  bro in Spain who lost to Scipio, Scipio then
  elected Consul and took Roman army to North
  Africa which forced Carthage to recall Hannibal
• Battle of Zama, Scipio Africanus defeated
  Hannibal
• Hannibal surrendered to a harsh punishment,
  Carthage isolated in Africa, lost Numidia, paid a
  large indemnity to Rome an dagreed to not war
  outside of Africa and only in Africa w/ permission

7
3rd Punic war and the destruction of Carthage

• Carthage recovered economically, led by Hannibal
  , Rome demanded that he surrender as a war
  criminal, fled to Greece and Turkey where the
  Romans were expanding in pursuit
• Haniibal took poison to avoid capture
• Numidia pressed Carthage into attacking, bringing
  Rome into the 3rd Punic war, Rome attacked city
  and forced a surrender, inhabitants of city sold
  into slavery, all their land became a Roman
  province and salt was sowed in the ground to make
  sure nothing would grow there again

8
The Illyrian Wars

• Romans invaded Greece but set all of the Greek
  city states free
• Greeks began fighting each other allowing the
  Romans to let them weaken themselves
• This allowed Rome to attack and plunder Greece
  when they needed money and Greece remained weak