The Age of Imperialism

1
Chapter 11

• The Age of Imperialism
• 1850 - 1914

2
Section 1

• Scramble for Africa

3
European Colonization

• Ignoring ethnic claims, kingdoms, and city-states
  independence Europeans claim large areas of
  Africa

4
Before Domination

• Africa was seldomly explored outside of the coast.

5

• Native armies, disease, and rivers discourage
  exploration.

6
Competition

• European Imperialism The seizure of a weaker
  nation by a more powerful one causes a
  competition for land.

7

• Missionaries, explorers, humanitarians reach the
  African Interior.

8
Congo Sparks Interest

• Belgium King Leopold II acquires land in Congo.

9

• Leopold brutally exploits Africans and millions
  die.
• Belgian Government takes colony away from
  Leopold.

10

• Much of Europe sees potential of Africa and begin
  claiming land.

11
European Superiority

• National pride pushes Europeans to race for
  colonies

12

• Racism belief that one race is better than
  others helps justify the land rush
• Social Darwinism Natural selection applied to
  humans

13
Invention Overcomes Obstacles

• Steam Engine helps conquer the rivers and water
  ways.
• Maxim machine gun helps suppress native unrest.

14

• African disunity helps keep Africans from
  resisting on a large scale.

15

• Perfection of quinine protects Europeans from
  Malaria

16
Wealth lures the Europeans

• Discovery of Gold and Diamonds speeds and
  enlarges colonization.

17
Berlin Conference

• 1884 - 1885
• 14 nations agree on rules for division
• Nations must claim land and prove they can
  control it

18

• By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia are free from
  European control

19
Industrial Curse

• The growing need for natural resources causes
  Europeans to focus on Africa as a source.

20
South Africa

• Zulus led by Shaka unify in a central state
  around 1816.
• Zulus resist the British occupation.

21

• By 1887 British subdue the Zulus and control
  South Africa

22
Boers and British

• Dutch farmers called Boers take Africans land and
  establish large farms.

23

• Boers and British clash over land and slavery.
• Boers move north to avoid conflict, it will not
  work.
• Boer war will begin in 1899