The Age of Imperialism

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Carving Up Africa

• The Great African Cakeeveryone wants a bite!

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Ignorance Interest in Africa

• Until the 1800s, little was known about Africa
  except its coastal areas until David Livingstone
  began to explore the unknown areas in Africa,
  causing a huge interest in Africa a mad race
  for colonies from 1880-1914
• Starting in 1885, 14 European nations partitioned
  (divided) Africa By 191490 of Africa was
  controlled by Europeans (See overhead)

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The Congress of Berlin

• By 1885, this scramble for African colonies
  became so fierce, that 12 major European
  countries, the USA, Russia, Ottoman Empire met
  to define the rules of the game regarding
  imperialism in Africa
• This Congress of Berlin settled issues such as
  navigation trade rights, future colonization of
  Africabut it was not attended by any Africans

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Exploration (1700)
Imperialism (1914)
What is different about the conquests of Africa
during the Age of Exploration (1500-1700) the
Age of Imperialism (1850-1914)?
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Belgium

• After David Livingstones reports of the
  potential of central Africa, Belgium became the
  first country to colonize Africa, claiming the
  Congo (in 1879)
• Medicine new steamboats allowed explorers to go
  further inland to explore

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France

• Soon, France gained Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco
  (where 1 million French settled) dreamed of a
  huge French empire
  stretching
  East-West
  across
  Africa near
  the Sahara
  Desert

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France

• In 1859, a French
  company built the Suez
  Canal to connect the Red Sea
  the Mediterranean
  Sea

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England

• England had important colonies in India
  Australia so the Suez Canal was very important
• In 1882, Britain gained control of the Suez Canal
  made Egypt a protectorate, took control of
  Sudan, parts of East Africa

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England

• British entrepreneur Cecil Rhodes moved to South
  Africa made his fortune in diamond mines

Rhodesia?
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England

• Cecil Rhodes many others in the British
  government wanted to create a huge African empire
  from Cairo (in Egypt) to Cape Town (in South
  Africa)

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England
India
Egypt
South Africa
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England

• The race for African colonies led to a near war
  between France England called the Fashoda
  Incident
• Englands north-south empire overlapped
  Frances east-west empire near the town of
  Fashoda in the Sudan

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This incident showed how serious imperialism was
to Europeans
The Fashoda Incident
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Other Countries Imperialize

• These nations gained minor colonies
• Spain Portugal due to poor economies bad
  kings
• Germany
  Italy
  because
  they were
  the last 2
  nations in
  Europe to
  unify

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• ISN pg 164 Imperialism in Africa
• Preview
• Why did Europeans want colonies in Africa?
• What role did David Livingston play in
  imperializing Africa?
• What was the purpose of the Congress of Berlin?

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So, Was Imperialism Good or Bad
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Effects of Imperialism

• Imperialists profited from colonial
  mines, plantations, factories
• Africans were hired at low wages,
  were not taught professional skills, were
  heavily taxed tribes fought other tribes
• Schools churches were set up to reteach
  Western ways led to a decline in African
  traditions

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As whites made new colonies in South Africa, they
fought King Shaka the Zulu tribe
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Effects of Imperialism

• Whites in South Africa used segregation called
  Apartheid (legal separation of blacks whites)
  Apartheid kept Africans out of power for over 100
  years
• Over time, educated Africans all over the
  continent demanded self-rule by 2000 complete
  independence from European rule

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