Combined Heat and Power Plants for Healthcare Facilities

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Combined Heat and Power Plants for Healthcare
Facilities

• Rich McKown, PE
• Engineering Manager / Principal
• Healthcare and Research Facilities
• Burns McDonnell Engineering Company

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Agenda

• Technology Overview and Application
• Efficiency and Environmental Comparisons
• Screening Tools
• Conclusions

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Healthcare Energy Considerations
Cleaner Normal Power Local generation is
anticipated to provide fewer sags and surges.
Conversion from primary power to grid backup is
measured in cycles rather than seconds. More
Backup Power Both grid backups supply 100 of
the facility needs not just its Life Safety
requirements imagine no chillers in Kansas City
in August. More Reliable Backup Power
Probability of failure of the traditional
Hospital grid plus backup is 67 according to
Primen Perspectives RX for Health Care Power
Failures, DE-PP-24, 11/2003 Island Power In
the event of a grid failure due to natural,
technical, or terrorist causes, the facility will
remain in operation when we need it
most. Reliable Normal Power More and more
electronic equipment that is sensitive to power
surges. Long-term procedures require continuous,
reliable power., The procedure stops if the
lights go out. Initial Capital Savings
Building Operating Savings
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Packaged CHP Energy Plant Overview

• Packaged CHP energy plant is comprised of modules
  or standard pre-manufactured components
• Improved reliability, flexibility, efficiency
  with reduced cost and schedule

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Modular Components

• Natural Gas Compressor
• 4.3 MW Combustion Turbine Mercury 50
• Turbine Exhaust Diverter Valve
• Steam Absorption Chiller 1000 ton
• Heat Recovery Steam Generator
• Thermal Device Exhaust Stack

• Chiller Water Primary and Secondary Pumps
• Packaged Electrical Centrifugal Duplex Chiller
  Plant 1500 ton
• Packaged Boilers 20000 lbs/hr
• Thermal Energy Storage Tank 8000 ton-hours
• Black Start Engine Generator 1500 kW

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CHP Energy Center Technology Application

• Dell Childrens Medical Center Austin Texas

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Combined Heat Power at Dell
Benefits 4.5MW natural gas-fired turbine
supplies 100 of the hospitals
electricity 75 more efficient than coal-fired
power plants Lower emissions
of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide as a result
of efficient combustion chamber technology Steam,
a by-product of the conversion process, is
utilized by the hospital and is used in
absorption chillers to produce all of the
hospitals chilled water needs Chilled water
storage tank allows peak shaving
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Combined Heat Power at Dell

• Benefits
• Enhanced quality of power assuring smooth,
  continuous operation of clinical devices
• Two electrical feeds from different substations
  in the surrounding power grid provide 100
  electrical redundancy
• Emergency Generator provided for the turbine
  black start generator provides a third back-up
  for Life Safety Systems
• Utility company, Austin Energy, funded and
  operated, reducing project capital costs

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Combined Heat Power at Dell
Business Case Hospital has long term contracts
to purchase power, chilled water and steam Plant
expandable for future growth of Hospital Will
also serve Chilled Water to the larger Urban
Campus of the RMMA Development Austin Energy
provided 18M in capital to construct the
District Plant. 7M Capital Savings accrued to
the Hospital from not building its own Central
Plant 5M funded the LEED Initiative and 2M
went to other medical enhancements.
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Dell CHP Configuration
Gas Turbine Exhaust w/Heat Recovery Steam
Generator
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Efficiency and Environmental Comparisons
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Comparison Efficiency
Typical Power Delivery
.06 BTU Loss
.65 BTU Loss
.29 BTU In
.35 BTU In
1 BTU In
Power Plant
Transmission System
Facility
At a typical Power Station, about 35 of the
primary fuel is converted into electricity the
remainder is lost up the stack. An additional
6 efficiency drop occurs in transmission to the
site. Overall, at the end user facilitys meter,
the result is roughly a 29 efficient primary
fuel conversion to useful energy.
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Comparison Efficiency
.25 BTU Loss
1 BTU In
.75 BTU In
CHP Plant
Healthcare Facility
A typical Combined Cooling, Heating and Power
Plant is 75 efficient at primary fuel conversion
to useful energy. This is a 46 savings in
primary energy utilization compared to the
Typical Power Service Model.
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(Coal vs. CHP)
Environmental Comparison
Typical COAL Plant
CHP Plant
Carbon Dioxide 72 reduction Sulphur Oxide
99 reduction NOx 99 reduction
CO2     615 lbs/MWh SO2  0.003 lbs/MWh NOx 
 .043 lbs/MWh
CO2    2179 lbs/MWh SO2    8 lbs/MWh NOx   
5 lbs/MWh
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Environmental Comparison
(Simple Cycle vs. CHP)
Typical Gas Simple Cycle plant
CHP Plant
Carbon Dioxide 47 reduction Sulphur Oxide
50 reduction NOx 90 reduction
CO2     615 lbs/MWh SO2  0.003 lbs/MWh NOx 
 .043 lbs/MWh
CO2    1161 lbs/MWh SO2   0.006 lbs/MWh NOx
   0.45 lbs/MWh
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(Combined Cycle vs. CHP)
Environmental Comparison
Typical Gas Combined Cycle plant
CHP Plant
Carbon Dioxide 18 reduction Sulphur Oxide
33 reduction NOx 52 reduction
CO2     615 lbs/MWh SO2  0.003 lbs/MWh NOx 
 .043 lbs/MWh
CO2    754 lbs/MWh SO2  .0045 lbs/MWh NOx   0.09
lbs/MWh
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CHP Justification

• Public Image/Community Leadership
• Low CO2 and NOx Emissions Cleaner Environment
• Voluntarily exceeding Green Building Standards
  (LEED Platinum)
• Positive Press Coverage
• Neighborhood Support
• Philanthropic Edge
• Energy Savings

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CHP and LEED Benefits to the Facility

• Typically provides 8 EA-1 LEED credits
• Approximately 35 energy cost savings
• LEED makes Economic Sense
• Initial Capital Savings
• Operating Cost Savings
• Outsourcing?
• Philanthropic Edge
• Recruitment and Staff Retention Savings

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Screening Tools

• Should Consider
• Predicted Thermal and Electric Load Profiles
• Utility Costs Including Ratchet and Demand
  Charges
• Inflation Relative to Sensitivity Analysis
• Operations and Maintenance Costs
• Arrangement with Utility Company

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Screening Tools

• What Makes an Ideal Project?
• Flat Thermal and Electric Load Profiles
• Economic Conditions (High Demand Charges)
• High Electric Cost Compared to Gas Cost (Spark
  Spread)
• Ability To Sell Back Excess Power
• Thermal Storage Capability

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Screening Tools How many of these apply to you?

• Do you pay more than .07/ kilowatt-hours on
  average for electricity (including generation,
  transmission, and distribution)?
• Are you concerned about the impact of current or
  future energy costs on your business?
• Is your facility located in a deregulated
  electricity market?
• Are you concerned about power reliability? Is
  there a substantial financial impact to your
  business if the power goes out for 1 hour? For 5
  minutes?
• Does your facility operate for more than 5,000
  hours/year?

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Screening Tools

• Do you have thermal loads throughout the year
  (including steam, hot water, chilled water, hot
  air, etc.)?
• Does your facility have an existing central
  plant?
• Do you expect to replace, upgrade, or retrofit
  central plant equipment within the next 3-5
  years?
• Do you anticipate a facility expansion or new
  construction project within the next 3-5 years?
• Have you already implemented energy efficiency
  measures and still have high energy costs?
• Are you interested in reducing your facility's
  impact on the environment?

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Screening Tools

• If you have answered "yes" to 3 or more of
  these of these questions, your facility may be a
  good candidate for CHP.
• http//www.epa.gov/chp/

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Screening Tools - http//www.aceee.org/pubs/ie983.
htm

• American Council for an Energy-Efficient
  Economy

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Screening Tools
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Screening Tools
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CHP Additional Funding Sources

• US-EPA
• Provides utility incentives for CHP
• Department of Energy
• Provided 4 Million for the
  development of the Austin
  Energy CHP plant
• Department of Homeland Security
• Providing 4 Million to the Shands Hospital in
  Gainesville Florida
• Municipal Utility Company
• Will finance/build/own/operate

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Project Photos
Solar Mercury 504.3 5.0 MWNatural
Gas-FiredCombustion Turbine
8,000 - 9,300 BTU/KWh Simple-Cycle Heat
RateLess than 5 ppm NOxLess than 85 dBA
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Project Photos
Heat Recovery Steam Generator
Produces approximately 15,000 pph steam unfired
Can produce up to 100,000 pph by duct firing
Steam Generator
Diverter Valve
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Conclusions

• Cleaner Normal Power
• More Back-up Power
• More Reliable Back-up Power
• Building Operational Savings
• Lower Emissions
• Higher LEED certifications

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Questions?

• Rich McKown, PE
• rmckown_at_burnsmcd.com
• Burns McDonnell Engineering Company
• www.burnsmcd.com