Jazz Americas Native Art Music

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Lecture 23

• Jazz - Americas Native Art Music

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Ragtime, Blues and Jazz

• The Ragtime years
• c.1897 1917
• Scott Joplin (1868(9) -1917)
• African-American musical influence applied to a
  European classical genre
• Syncopation!
• Influenced all popular music of 20th century The
  King of Ragtime
• Maple Leaf Rag (1899)

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The Blues

• "For much of the twentieth century, the blues
  have been the most direct and idiomatic musical
  expression of African-American culture"the
  quintessential expression of the African-American
  experience."
• Michael Campbell, And the Beat Goes On

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The Blues

• A feeling, a style of performance, and
• a musical form - 12 bar blues form. Verse form
  (strophic), each verse (chorus) uses three chords
  I, IV, V.

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The Blues

• Bessie Smith (1894-1937)
• Greatest early blues singer

William. C. Handy -"Father of the Blues" because
he published the first blues music.
W.C. Handy's "St. Louis Blues" (with Bessie
Smith)
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Jazz is

• An American art music built on the rhythmic
  foundation of swing.
• Swing rhythm sort of a compound meter
  (long-short-long-short)
• Improvisation - creating new melodies based on an
  existing theme or harmonic structure or both.
  Theme and Variation form.

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New Orleans Jazz (1900 - 1925)

• Joseph "King" Oliver (1885-1938)
• Dixie Land Jazz
• Dippermouth Blues

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Hot Jazz (1925 - 1930)

• Louis "Satchmo Armstrong
• (1898? -1971)
• First great soloist in jazz
• West End Blues
• by King Oliver
• (performed by Louis Armstrong and the Savoy
  Ballroom Five)

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Swing Jazz (1930 - 1945)

• Big-Band Swing Jazz as Commercial Music - the
  high water mark of jazz as popular music in the
  1930s and 40s.
• Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington. (1899- 1974)
  Most influential musician of the era.
• Harlem Air Shaft"

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Swing Jazz

• Billie Holiday (1915 - 1959)
• Probably the most influential singer of popular
  music because, she interpreted the music in
  her own unique style.
• Worked with Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw and Duke
  Ellington.
• Billies Blues (1936)

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Bebop Jazz

• Charlie Parker Dizzy Gillespie
• John Birks Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993)
• Charlie Yard Bird Parker (1920 - 1955)
• Gillespie/Parker A Night in Tunisia

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Assignment

• Read Chapters 71 - 73