PIA 2501

1
PIA 2501

• Foreign Aid
• Donors and Development
• The International Dimension

2
Foreign Aid Terms

• International Assistance
• Foreign Aid- Loans vs. Grants
• Technical Assistance- Contracts
• Bilateral vs. Multi-lateral

3
Foreign Aid vs. Technical Assistance

• Current bias to international trade
• Governance and Nation Building
• Millennium Challenge Account
• Back to the future
• Get the LDC economy back to the 1950s
• Dependent development
• Is it dependent and is it development?

4
Foreign Aid vs. Technical Assistance

• The utility of the rational actor model for
  foreign aid- Can we escape bureaucratic politics
• Impact of culture
• Corruption, clan and ethnicity
• Clans in Somalia and taxi drivers in Washington
• Impact of Intellectual systems and ideologies
  influences and beliefs
• Impact of Standard Operating Procedures

5
Divisions Within the World

• Before 1989
• North Industrialist/ Developed Agriculture
• Regime Type Democratic or not
• Socialist vs. Capitalist
• South LDC limited agric. Industry
• Underdeveloped Socialist or primitive capitalist
• Crony capitalism
• Patron-client

6
Divisions Within the World

• Today
• Capitalist Developed States, North America, Parts
  of East Asia, Western Europe including settler
  states vs. Everybody else
• Millennium Challenge Account- Choose 15 poor,
  most market friendly countries.

7
Administrative Reforms

• The New Orthodoxy
• In Foreign Aid

8
Administrative Reforms

• Stabilization and Conditionality Requirements-
  Free Trade and Open Currency
• Public Sector Reform

9
Administrative Reforms

• Reform of the bureaucracy
• a. Cutback the civil service the infamous 19
  first cut
• b. Individual Consultants and Contractors work
  with investments and the service/commercial
  sector
•  

10
Administrative Reforms

•   1. Strategic Planning and Management
•  
• 2. Deregulation
•  
• 3. Performance Management
•  
• 4. Merit Recruitment
• 5. Decentralization Development of Local
  Government and Support for Civil Society

11
Multilateral Issues An Overview

• The Problem of Debt
• Stabilization vs. Conditionality
• Public Sector Reform Policy Reform
• IMF vs. World Bank vs. Bilateral Donors vs. UNDP
• Bridging Loans
• Sectoral Loans and Grants
• Project Grants
• International Requirements vs. domestic political
  response

12
Concepts and Terms

• Neo-Orthodoxy
• Heterodoxy
• Stabilization
• Conditionality
• Public Sector Reform

13
Major International Relations Terms

• International Relations
• Structural realism realpolitik
• Balance of power
• Bipolarity vs. Multi-polarity
• Transnationalism

14
Major International Political Economy and
Development Terms

• Political Economy
• Hegemony
• Dependency Theory
• Structuralism
• Regime
• Indigenization
• Complementarity
• Import Substitution
• Dependent Development

15
Ghana

• Democracy and Governance Program

16
USAID Ghana Activities

• Economic Growth
• Health
• Basic Education
• Democratic Governance

17
Ghana USAID Activities

• Source USAID/Ghana Country Strategic Plan
  (2004-2010)
• Date Published May 2003

18
USAID Country Plan-Ghana

• Seek eligibility for Millennium Challenge Account
  Investment (poor, per capita income below 1,415
• Qualify- Good governance, market friendly-16
  indicators
• Goal Support Accelerated Economic Growth
• In place in 15 countries, 2005 or 2006
• Fully up and running, 2008 at 5 billion per year
• Focus Infrastructure

19
USAID Country Plan-Ghana

• Democratic Governance SO 5 (Strategic Objective)
  
• Note Currently no focus on civil service reform
• Two components National and Local

20
Ghana Democracy and Governance-National Level

• Historically- Electoral Processes.
• Legislative Reform Long term PSC (Personal
  Services Contractor- Legislative Specialist)
• National Civil Society Development

21
Local Level Democracy and Governance

• Source
• ASSESSMENT REPORT Government Accountability
  Improves Trust (GAIT)
• Date December 8, 2003
• Non-Competitive Contract
• Public Administration Service

22
Assessment Team Mixed Team

• Kwesi Appiah Ghana Consultant
• Robert J. Groelsema USAID Washington (DG)
• Avril Kudzi USAID Ghana (DG)
• Ted Lawrence USAID Ghana (Legislative
  Specialist)
• Elsie Menorkpor (USAID Ghana (Education
  Specialist)
• Louis A. Picard (Team Leader)

23
Decentralized Governance Status

• Current Contractor Cooperative League of the
  United States of America (CLUSA)
• Operates in the U.S. as National Cooperative
  Business Association
• Assessment Report Submitted December 8, 2003

24
New Grant Cooperative Agreement- 2004-2007

• RFA (Request for Application) published December
  18, 2003 (Competitive Bid)
• Applications Closed February
• Grant Awarded Estimate- April, 2004
• 3-6 year grant up to 11 million

25
Goal of GAIT

• Promote Partnership between Civil Society
  Organizations and Local Government
• Institutional Structure Creation of District
  Level Civic Unions to facilitate communication
• Concern Sustainability of structures after
  project completed
• Government Accountability Improves Trust

26
Nature of GAIT Activities

• Training and Workshops
• Technical assistance to Civic Unions and Local
  Governments
• Support public (town hall) style meetings
• Key Activities support interface of LG and CSOs

27
Decentralized Governance and E-Governance

• Leland Initiative Money Ended in 2003. Two or
  three centers established. Not clear that this
  was mission priority
• Assessment Report Recommended Local
  Government/Civil Society One Stop Shop for
  dissemination of information
• Possibly Operated by Civic Unions

28
E Governance

• Tele-cottage Model- widely used in Demnets
  (Democratic Network Organizations) in Eastern
  Europe
• Technical Assistance (poss. Peace Corps
  volunteer)
• Simple, on line publication and education
  programs (Logon- South Africa)

29
E-Governance

• simple publications, posters, public information
  presentations
• simple software programs designed to demonstrate
  basic principles of governance
• Includes the use of advocacy, information rights,
  the functioning of district government bodies and
  administrators and the functioning of committees

30
Other Donors Civil Service Reform

• UNDP- Normally bids, provides technical
  assistance
• World Bank- EOP (Expression of Interest)
  invitation to bid (RFP)
• DANIDA (Denmark), CIDA (Canada), DFID- (UK), GTZ
  (Germany) interested in Governance
• Private Foundations McArthur, Gates, Ford
  Foundation- re. E-Governance