Chapter 2 Natives and Newcomers

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Chapter 2Natives and Newcomers

• Section 1
• The First Inhabitants

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What to look for..

• The various periods into which scientist divide
  prehistoric culture
• Vocabulary terms to know.
• Archaeologist, atlatl, pemmican, culture,
  ceremonial center

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North Carolina Standard Course of Study Objective

• This section will help you meet the
• following objective
• 8.1.02 Identify and describe
• American Indians who inhabited the
• regions that became Carolina and
• assess their impact on the colony.

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The First Inhabitants

• Archaeologist are scientist who discover and
  explain the evidence of human habitation found in
  the ground
• Believed that the first people to arrive came
  across a land bridge that connected Asia and
  North America which is now the Bering Strait
• Much of the land was covered in spruce and fir
  tress, which today live only in the mountains

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Land Bridge
Map Skill What two continents were connected
by the Bering Land Bridge?
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The First Inhabitants

• Very little remains of the Paleolithic (Latin for
  Old Stone) people which were the first to arrive
  here
• Some of the oldest spear heads have been found in
  Morrow Mountain in Stanley County

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The Archaic Period

• First people to learn to feed and house
  themselves
• Feasted on hickory nuts, black walnuts, and oak
  acorns
• Used the hides of bear and deer for clothing and
  wraps
• First hammers were made out of river rocks

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The Archaic Period

• Would move from place to place depending in the
  season would spend spring on the coast and would
  move closer to the fall line in the winter
• Hunted and fished to provide food and clothing
• After throwing their arrows, they discovered the
  atlatl carved stick that had a base at a right
  angles to the shaft

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The Archaic Period

• Hunting improved small groups could succeed
  instead of having a larger group surround the
  animal
• 5,000 years ago the climate warmed and people
  began to live together in larger communities
• People had technology to survive hearths or
  permanent stone formations for campfires
• First known clay pottery was made during this
  time

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The Archaic Period

• The hearths were discovered on the Swannanoa
  River
• Planted seeds and harvested crops squash, gourds
  and sunflower
• Pemmican was a long lasting nourishing food made
  of ground meat, nuts and grease
• Bow and arrow was introduced 1,5000 years ago

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The Archaic Period
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The Woodland Period

• Maize originated in Mexico and changed life for
  the inhabitants
• Trade was good, it grew well with beans and
  squash
• Level of nutrition increased and people were able
  to stay in places longer
• Potters learned to roll clay with their hands
  what does this remind you of?
• Oldest villages were centered in the Uwharries on
  the tributaries of the Pee-Dee River
• Name came from their dependence upon the forest
  for shelter and hunting

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Mississippi Influence

• Ones culture is your beliefs, traditions, music,
  art, and social institutions of a group of people
  who share common experiences
• Early inhabitants are said to have been
  influenced by the Mississippi culture because
  their towns were located on the river
• Ceremonial centers were built in order for the
  people to gather for religious worship,
  recreation and fellowship Mississippians
  believed the ceremonies enhanced the growth of
  their crops and their relationship with the earth

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Mississippi Influence

• Area in NC most influenced by this was along the
  Pee-Dee River
• What happened to the inhabitants? Did they blend
  in or were they run off?
• Newcomers were farmers and hunters
• Town Creek Indian Mound was built to promote a
  sense of being and community

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Mississippi Influence

• People came several times a year to celebrate
• Most important festival was the Green Corn
  Ceremony when the food grew ripe enough to eat
• Participants would take the Black Drink to
  purify their bodies and rid themselves of toxins

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Prehistoric Cultures

• Culture Time Period
• Paleolithic 10,000 B.C. - 7000 B.C.
• Archaic 7000 B.C. - 500 B.C.
• Woodland 1000 B.C. - 1000 A.D.
• Mississippian 800 A.D. - 1500 A.D.