NPOESS Preparatory Project Science Objectives

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NPOESS Preparatory Project Science Objectives

• Pete Kealy
• UMBC at NASA/GSFC
• Entire NPP Team
• October, 2005

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Agenda

• NASAs Measurement Based Approach
• Ocean Color
• Ozone
• EOS to NPP Transition Sensors and Data Products
• NPP Contribution to the NASA Objectives
• SDS
• NPP Science Team
• Significant Differences between EOS and NPP
  Operational Products

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NPP Origins

• NPP is a joint partnership between NASAs Science
  Mission Directorate (formerly the Office of Earth
  Sciences (OES)) and the NPOESS Integrated Program
  Office (IPO) initiated in 1998
• Feasibility study began in November 1998
• Formulation began in November 1999
• NASA Confirmation Review completed in November
  2003
• The partnership provides both organizations with
  considerable cost savings while achieving their
  key program objectives
• To provide NASA with continuation of a group of
  global change observations initiated by the Earth
  Observing System (EOS) TERRA, AQUA, and Aura
  missions
• To provide the NPOESS operational community with
  pre-operational risk reduction demonstration and
  validation for selected NPOESS instruments, and
  algorithms, as well as the ground system

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NPP in NASAs Future Data Processing

• The NPP Science Charter is to Continue the
  scientific data record started in the EOS era.
• NASA is moving toward Measurement-based, not
  Mission-based, science and data processing
  teams.
• Processing done by a Climate Analysis Research
  System (CARS)
• NPP is the first post-EOS mission to have this
  new science data processing strategy.
• NPP data products will be produced by NPOESS data
  processing system (IDPS)
• NPP data products will be archived by NOAA
  (CLASS/LTA).
• NPP data products will be assessed for science
  data quality at the NASA Science Data Segment
  (SDS).
• NPP EDR assessment will be done by the NPP
  Science Team.
• SDS is part of science-discipline-based,
  community algorithm science data processing
  system.

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Discipline Processing Rationale
Distributed Science-led Geophysical Product
Generation/Support

• Uses/requires existing expertise and
  infrastructure
• Minimizes expense start-up time
• Allows handling of multiple data sets
  simultaneously
• Not limited to mission-specific requirements and
  objectives
• Provides flexibility to support discipline
  science requirements
• Products, algorithms, formats, gridding,
  reprocessings, etc.
• Facilitates strong link between flight projects
  science community
• Requires discipline teams responsive/accountable
  to the flight project(s)

Best approach for CDR generation/maintenance
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GSFC Ocean Color Program BackgroundA Long
History of Achievement

• Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (1978-1986)
• Airborne Oceanographic Lidar (mid-1970s-present)
• Community Processing Analysis Software
• SEAPAK (1982-1991) SeaDAS (1991- present)
• Nimbus-7/Coastal Zone Color Scanner Global
  Reprocessing (1985-2000)
• MODIS MODIS Ocean Team (1989-present)
• SeaWiFS Project (1991-present)
• Sensor Intercomparison Merger for Biological
  Interdisciplinary Ocean Studies Project
  (SIMBIOS 1996-2003)
• Ocean Color Climate Data Record (CDR) Development
  (REASoN-CAN recent selection)
• NASA NPP Science Team (VIIRS ocean color, recent
  selection)
• Designated as NASAs Ocean Color Discipline Group
  and assumed responsibility for MODIS Ocean
  Color Processing (Feb. 1, 2004)

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Ocean Biology Processing System
Present (EOS, other)
Future (NPP)
Data Set Category Funding Source
Historical (REASoN-CAN)
NPP VIIRS
Aqua MODIS
Terra MODIS
SeaWiFS
GSFC DAAC
CZCS OCTS
Reconfigurable Scalable

• Science
• Community
• Interactive
• Knowledgeable Staff
• Enabling Activities
• (SeaBASS, SeaDAS,
• Calibration RR, etc.)

• Flexible
• Processing
• Multiple Missions
• Rapid Reprocessing
• Parallel Processing
• Streams (operational,
• algorithm cali-
• ration testing, eval-
• uation products)

• MAIN PROCESSING SYSTEM
• Data from multiple satellite and instrument types
• In-situ, ancillary, and other data

L1 DATA
Data Users
L1-L3 DATA
OBPG Management
Staff
Community Agreed Standards and Protocols
Science Community
NASA Flight Projects
NASA HQ Program Management
MCST
In Situ Data
MODIS Characterization Support Team
(NASA/GSFC) Terra MODIS OC processing suspended
in Jan. 2004
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Satellite vs Ground-based Total Ozone
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Ozone A True NASA/NOAA CDR

• Ozone is adjusted to NOAA-9
• Validated against Dobson Stations
• Reprocessed when new algorithms are developed
• Compared with models

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NPP Continues Data Time Series
Year
Measurement System
Conventional Operations EOS Technology Jump
Research Quality Operations
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nLw embedded in ocean color product Surface
reflectances available as intermediate product
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Science Data Segment (SDS)
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NPP Mission Segments
Space Segment
NPP CCSDS Application Packets
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SDS Mission Statement

• The NPP SDS is intended to be a research tool for
  the purposes of facilitating prototype elements
  for the future Earth Science Enterprise
  distributed sciences data systems
• The NPP SDS assess EDRs for climate quality
• The NPP SDS can provide Algorithm Improvements
• The SDS is a distributed architecture with 5
  functionally independent elements called Product
  Evaluation Algorithm Tool Elements (PEATEs)
  centered around Ocean, Land, Atmosphere, Ozone,
  and Sounder
• The SDS PEATEs support the Cal/Val activities in
  processing selected data subsets

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NASAs Science Data Segment (SDS) ProvidesTest
Bed for xDR Analyses
NPP Science Team
CARS GSFC Oceans
McClain, Charles Wang, Menghua Minnett,
Peter Justice, Christopher Loveland,
Thomas Lyapustin, Alexei Maslanik,
James Privette, Jeffrey Ranson, Jon Schaaf,
Crystal Vermote, Eric Wolfe, Robert Baum,
Bryan Han, Qingyuan Menzel, Paul Stamnes,
Knut Torres, Omar McPeters, Richard Pagano,
Thomas Fishbein, Evan Revercomb,
Henry Lambrigtsen, Bjorn Staelin, David Strow,
Larrabee
SDS Components
NPP PEATE
Network Infrastructure
CARS Land MODAPS
NPP PEATE
SD3
RDRs SDRs EDRs
CARS Atmosphere Uni Wisconsin
NOAA / CLASS
NPP PEATE
I/T System
IPO / IDPS
RDRs SDRs EDRs
CARS Ozone TOMS/OMI SIPS
NPP PEATE
CARS Sounder. JPL
CARS Climate Analysis Research System PEATE
Product Evaluation Test Element
NPP PEATE
Project Science Office
NICST
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SDS Elements

• SD3E SDS Data Delivery Depository Element
• Supports acquisition and temporary storage of
  data from NOAA/CLASS and IDPS
• Capable of storing up to 32 days of NPP xDR data
  in a rolling storage for pick-up by PEATEs and
  the NICSE
• Communication Networks
• ITSE Integration and Test System Element
• A Mini-Version of the IDPS for purpose of
  demonstrating algorithm enhancements and / or
  calibration improvements
• Intermediate Product Generation
• PSOE - Project Science Office Element
• Provides management direction and science
  guidance to the SDS Elements
• Manages algorithm and calibration recommendations
  for submission to the NPP/NPOESS Algorithm CCB
  (TBR).

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SDS Elements (Contd)

• PEATE Product Evaluation and Algorithm Test
  Element
• Performs EDR Evaluation / Characterization and
  algorithm improvements coordinated with External
  Science Investigators, and Science Team, and
  NICSE (for Land, Ocean, Atmosphere PEATES).
• Five PEATEs are
• Ocean Color
• Land
• Ozone
• Sounder
• Atmosphere
• NICSE - NPP Instrument Calibration Support
  Element
• Supports assessing and validating pre-launch and
  post-launch radiometric and geometric
  characterization and calibration assessment of
  VIIRS instrument data.

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PEATEs

• Pre Launch
• Acquire, adapt and integrate operational SDR and
  EDR processing software into processing Systems
• Perform functional testing of operational code.
• Acquire and manage various preflight instrument
  characterization data sets provide to ST.
• Support Interface Confidence Tests, Functional
  Thread Tests and NPP Compatibility Tests
• Support (as needed) generation of test data sets
  for software and algorithm testing.

• Post Launch
• Acquire all RDRS, selected SDRs, EDRs and
  ancillary data
• Process RDRs to SDRs and EDRs
• using operational code
• using alternative calibration LUTS
• Process SDRs to EDRs using revised or alternative
  algorithms, as directed by ST
• Support browse and distribution of locally
  generated xDRs to ST
• Perform matchups and evaluation of EDRs with
  other Mission Data, e.g., MODIS, SeaBASS
• SDR Evaluation for Long-term stability

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NASAs NPP Science Team

• Science Team (ST)
• 23 PIs (SDRs and EDRs) chosen by peer-review NRA
  selection process
• Charge
• Evaluate operational xDRs for use in climate
  research
• Recommend improvements to operational algorithms
• Determine path forward for climate-quality
  products from NPP/NPOESS
• Project Science Group (PSG)
• 11 member contractor/university staff NPP
  Project supported
• Direct Broadcast Office
• P. Coronado
• 4 NASA instrument scientists
• NPP Instrument Characterization Support Team
  (NICST)
• 3 persons, growing role as instruments mature

http//nppwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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EOS to NPP Principal Differences

• Sensor Differences
• VIIRS has no TIR bands beyond 13mm
• Alternate cloud top algorithms developed
• VIIRS thermal band range limitations
• prevent detection of small/medium fires in some
  cases, and characterization (area, temperature)
  of large/hot fires
• Geolocation
• Land algorithms require precise geolocation
  information
• NPP and NPOESS will be approximately 2X and 3X
  worse than MODIS, respectively
• Algorithm Implementation Differences
• Latency (the need for speed) may influence
  processing implementations not considered for EOS
• Algorithm versions in the operational system may
  not be in sync with the latest EOS versions
• Metadata and quality information may be different
• Several key EOS biophysical products such as LAI,
  FPAR, burn scar, detection are beyond NPOESS
  scope
• Processing higher than level 2 is beyond NPOESS
  scope
• Reprocessing is beyond NPOESS scope

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NPP Science Summary

• NPP has no traditional NASA Science Charter
• Climate and Science processing performed by CARS
• NPP facilitates the use of NPOESS data by funding
  PEATES within the SDS
• SDS is a research tool used to assess climate
  data quality of EDRs
• NPP Science Team will assess EDR algorithms and
  sensor developments for climate study suitability
  and advise Project Program Scientists
• NPP Science Team will work through the
  Operational Algorithm Teams (OATs) to provide
  potential algorithm updates for NPOESS