Biological Beginnings

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Biological Beginnings

• The Interaction of Genetics and Context
• Heredity/Reproduction
• Detection of Genetic and Chromosomal
  Abnormalities
• Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities

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I. Interaction of Genetics and Context

• Heredity vs. environment
• Interactive model

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II. Reproduction/Heredity

• When do people have children?
• Reproduction
• Egg, sperm, gametes, zygote
• Newborn girl400,000 ova
• Ejaculation500 million sperm
• mature male100 million/day
• for fertilizationat least 20 million

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Issues of Reproduction

• In vitro fertilization
• Twins (dizygotic vs. monozygotic)

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III. Detecting Abnormalities

• Amniocentesis (15-17 weeks)
• Ultrasound Sonography (anytime)
• Chorionic Villus Test (CVS-8-11 weeks)
• Maternal Blood Test -14-20 weeks
• Alpha Feta Protein (AFP)
• Fetoscopy
• Radiography
• Preimplantation Diagnosis

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IV. Possible Genetic/Chromosomal Abnormalities

• Genetic Abnormalities
• 1. PKU (phenylketonuria)
• phenylalanine
• 2. Inbreeding
• 3. Huntingtons Disease
• 4. Sickle Cell
• 5. Tay-sachs Disease
• 6. Muscular Dystrophy

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More abnormalities

• Neural Tube Defects
• spina bifida, ancephaly
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Genetic Links to other problems

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B. Chromosomal Disorders

• Down syndrome 1/700
• Klinefelters (xxy)-1/1000
• Turners (xo) 1/2500 females
• XYY males 1/1000
• Fragile X 1/2000 boys, 1/4000 girls
• Other sex-linked disorders