Introduction

1
Introduction

• Plant and animal _________ is the most important
  development in the past 13,000 years of human
  history
• Provides most of our food today
• Prerequisite to the rise of ___________
• Transformed global demography

2
Vegetable Gardens Around the World

• How are __________ plants different from wild
  plants?
• When do we start __________ plants?
• How do we start __________ plants?
• Why do we start domesticating plants?

3
When do we start domesticating plants?

• Vary with the regions
• Most predate the 6th millennium BC
• the earliest may date from ________ BC
• Domesticated legumes found in _________ and
  Macedonia dated as early as 6,000 BC

4
How do we start domesticating plants?

• Observing which wild plants were _______ or
  otherwise useful
• Learning to save the seed and to _______ in
  cleared land
• Long cultivation of the most prolific and
  ________ plants yielded a stable strain

5
Why do we start domesticating plants?

• Food self ___________
• Improve nutrition
• ___________
• Economic development
• __________________

6
Irrigating and harvesting in an ancient Egyptian
vegetable gardens

• Carrying pots attached to a _______ or raising
  water
• Pouring water into ________ furrows
• Tying onions into bundles

7
Vegetable Garden in Neve Firan, Sinai (Egypt)

• _______ channels
• Technique used in the several Oasis in the Region
• Land of the _______
• The "inhabitants of the desert"

8
Vegetable Gardens Around the World

• Similarities
• Food production
• Self-sufficiency
• Agriculture ________
• Medicinal
• Three out of _______ people rely on remedies made
  directly from plants
• Aesthetics

9
The floating vegetable gardens in the Inle-Lake

• Myanmar/Burma Asia
• Important ____ -growing region
• One of the largest river _____ in Asia
• 1,000 miles of navigable river

10
The Inle-Lake

• Covered with lush surface vegetation
• Vegetables and fruits raised on gardens floated
  on the ________ of the lake
• Since 19th century people live in simple stilt
  houses of woven _______ and are largely
  self-sufficient

11
The vegetable market in the Inle-Lake region

• Five-day markets
• ________ between different places around the lake
  on a five-day schedule
• Allow people to buy and sell their products to
  locals and _______ from boats on the lake

12
Chinese Raised Bed Gardens

• Intensive ________ technique is used on almost
  every spare inch of land in some regions of China
• Have been in use for __________
• Raised a few inches above the soil level
• Arranged just wide enough to reach across by
  _______
• Ideal way to grow vegetables and small fruit
• Why?

13
Chinese Raised Bed Gardens

• Advantages
• Allows the gardener to concentrate soil
  preparation in small areas
• Resulting in effective use of soil ____________
  and creating an ideal _____________ for vegetable
  growth
• Warm-up more quickly in the spring
• Will keep soil in place during heavy
  _____________
• Disadvantages
• More expensive
• Time consuming to build
• Higher temperature and____________ by mid summer
• May become too hot and use very high amounts of
  water

14
Formal Italian Vegetable Gardens

• Incorporate a ___________ vegetable garden
• Have __________ vegetables at hand for
  self-consumption
• Just picked it from my vegetable garden

15
Medicinal Vegetable Gardens in Brazil

• Health promotion with the use of ______________
• Typical alternative __________ in almost all
  Brazilians towns
• Large portion of the population regularly
  cultivate _______l plants in their back yards and
  gardens
• Kayapo Indian taking medicinal plants used to
  treat ________, Amazonia, Brazil

16
Medicinal Vegetable Gardens in Brazil

• Many fruits provide _________ as well as food
• These include banana, pineapple, mulberry,
  passion fruit and papaya
• Food plants that also provide medicine
• Onion, garlic, peanut, cabbage, peppers, coffee,
  pumpkin, sunflower, sweet _____________, rice,
  maize, ginger, black pepper and sesame (Sesamum
  indicum)
• Other plants are grown just for their ___________
  ______________

17
Permaculture The Forest Garden

• Permanent Agriculture
• Australia, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Brazil,
  Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, US
• Creates __________ human environments

18
Characteristics of Permaculture

• Permaculture is one of the most ___________,
  integrated systems analysis and design
  methodologies found in the world
• Can be applied to create productive ecosystems
  from the human - use standpoint
• Help degraded ecosystems recover ________ and
  naturalness
• Can be applied in any ecosystem, no matter how
  degraded

19
Characteristics of Permaculture

• Incorporates sustainable agriculture __________,
  land management techniques and strategies from
  around the world
• A bridge between ____________ cultures and
  emergent earth-tuned cultures
• Promotes __________ agriculture