Reasons the Portuguese Came to the East

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Reasons the PortugueseCame to the East
Gold
God
Glory

• Asian Spices - expensive, because
• high demand
• many middle men
• monopolized by the Muslim merchants

• Prince Henry the Navigator
• reconnaissance mission
• the 15th century -Portugals Age of Discovery

• to spread Christianity
• the 11th century - Crusade War
• mythical priest - King Prester John

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Why Choose Malacca

• Trading Centre

• Islamic Centre

3
Why Malacca fell ???

• Weak Ruling Government

• Feeling of Hostility among people
• from different races

• Disloyalty

• Superiority of the Portuguese Army

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Weak Ruling Government

• Tun Putih - weak old
• Tun Mutahir - practiced favoritism
• Sultan Mahmud - not efficient
• Sultan Ahmad Shah -too young lack of experience

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Feeling of Hostility among the Races

• Tun Mutahir - Tamil Muslim - reserved important
  administration position for his relatives

• caused dissatisfaction among the Malay Muslims

6
Disloyalty

• Chinese merchants - lent 5 huge barges to the
  Portuguese

• Tamil merchants, Ninachatu - supplied
  information on Malaccas defense system

• The Javanese hired army - ran away

7
The Strength of the Portuguese army

• disciplined experienced

• advanced weapons, eg guns cannons

• Alfonso dAlbuquerque, capable experienced

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The fall of Malacca

• 1509
• Lopez de Sequeira was sent to Malacca
• Gujerat merchants incited Bendahara.
• Tun Mutahir captured Portuguese army
• Sequeira ship was burned
• He ran to Goa and informed Albuquerque
• 1 July 1511
• Albuquerque reached Malacca and asked for 3
  things
• 1- compensation 2- free all Portuguese people

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• 3- asked permission to built a fort
• 25 July 1511
• First attacked from Portuguese
• Albuquerque received secret messages about
  Malacca defense from Ninachatu
• Malacca bridge was captured by Portuguese army-
  Portuguese failed
• 10 August 1511- second attacked and Portuguese
  successful

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The Impact of Portuguese Conquest
Malacca Sultanate Ended
Enriched the Malay language
mix marriages - Eurasian/Serani

Introduced the joget dance the song of
Jingkling Nona
Introduced Roman writing
No longer played a role as Islamic trading
centre
The birth of 2 new kingdoms, Johor and Perak
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SULTANS OF MALACCA

• PARAMESWARA- 1400-1414
• SLTN MEGAT ISKANDAR SYAH- 1414-1424
• SULTAN MUHAMMAD SYAH- 1424-1444
• SULTAN ABU SYAHID - 1444-1445
• SULTAN MUZAFFAR SYAH - 1445-1456
• SULTAN MANSUR SYAH- 1456-1477
• SLTN ALAUDDIN RIAYAT SYAH- 1477-1488
• SULTAN MAHMUD SYAH- 1488-1511

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• The Coming of the Dutch to the East

• 1580, Philip II of Spain conquered Portugal,
  subsequently closed the port of Lisbon to Dutch
  British sailors in the 1594

• contained detail information about routes
  navigational conditions in eastern waters

Linschotens famous book Itenerario
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Why the Dutch Came to the East?

• Dutch would like
• to monopolize Asian spices
• to control tin trading in the Malay states.
• to get textile from India
• to destroy Portuguese power

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2 reasons the native welcomed the Dutch
The Dutch were rivals of the Portuguese
Any form of rivalry among the European nations
increased the demand for spices
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The Relationship Between The Dutch Johor

• Tringular War between Johor , Acheh
  Portugis in Malacca

• The Dutch the Johor Government recognized
  the mutual benefits of co-operating with one
  another

Needed Johors assistance to attack the
Portuguese in Malacca
The Dutch - potential -allies
JOHOR
DUTCH
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The Dutch promised to be the peace mediator
between Acheh Johor
peace treaty 1641

• Johor assisted the Dutch by transporting vital
  materials, preventing the enemy from fleeing into
  the jungles and providing moral support

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• Dutch policies
• in the Malay States

Batavia - As the important base of VOC in the
East - centre of all economic operation
Malacca - As a guard post protecting
shipping through the Straits - as a supply base
especially tin
Signed treaties with the Sultan of Perak, Kedah,
Ujung Salang Bangeri to enable them to
monopolize the tin trading