The Age of Exploration

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The Age of Exploration

• Europe Encounters the World

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What are we learning today8.2A Identify reasons
for European exploration and colonization of
North America.
8.2 B Compare economic, religious, and social
reasons for the establishment of the 13 English
colonies.
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Why did explorations happen when they did?

• A variety of factors all came together to make
  the time period (1450-1700) the age of
  exploration
• Some of these factors were pushes, external
  forces acting on Europe
• Some were pulls, motivations and things that
  attracted the Europeans

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How did these explorations begin?

• The first to encourage new ship explorations was
  Prince Henry of Portugal, known as Prince Henry
  the Navigator
• Started an institute for seafaring and exploring
• Combined ship technology learned from Islam with
  new European innovations
• By the time of his death in 1460, Portuguese had
  sailed as far south as the Gold Coast of West
  Africa

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What are we learning today?
8.2A Identify reasons for European exploration
and colonization of North America.
3 Gs Gold, Glory, God
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What were the new technologies that enabled
explorations?

• The caravel was a new, faster, more maneuverable
  ship
• Older ships had square sails, caravels had
  triangular sails (easier to change direction)
• Bilge pump system enabled ship to float higher
  (less likely to run aground, easier to explore
  coasts and rivers)
• Compass, astrolabe, maps and other technologies
  from Islamic culture all helped make explorations
  possible

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Growth in Trade

• In the Middle Ages Marco Polo (1254-1324)
  returned from China and encourage an increase in
  trade.

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• Emergence of Powerful European Rulers
• Wanted to extend their influence through
  exploration.
• Desire for Profits
• Capitalist economy was just emerging and people
  were seeing new wealth from investment and trade.
• Religious Enthusiasm
• Missionaries from Spain and Portugal sought to
  spread Christian religion.

G G G
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What is the easiest way to remember it all?

• The Three Gs
• Gold
• Glory
• God
• Although a little simplistic, this mnemonic is a
  great way to remember the main motivations of the
  European explorers.

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The First G Gold

• Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking
  for, but remember that it is really wealth (),
  not just literal gold that explorers were after.
• Europe needed gold (and silver) to fuel the
  rising banking system
• Europeans also desired spices
• Other natural resources would come to be sold for
  profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory,
  etc.)
• This competition will be enhanced by the idea of
  mercantilism, the idea that there is only so much
  wealth in the world, and that to make your
  kingdom strong you must have more gold and wealth
  than the other kingdoms

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Exploration--Mercantilism
Financial Reasons for Exploration--Mercantilism Pr
inciples of mercantilism Nations wealth
depends on capital. capital one of the
factors of production bullion (gold or silver).
A nation needed as much as possible.
Labor
Land
Capital
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mercantilism

• Fundamental tenets of mercantilism
• 1.Mercantilism is Trademoney power for the
  mother country
• converted into other forms of power such
• as military instruments, influence, and territory
• The New territory exist for the Mother Country.

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mercantilism
1.Mercantilism is Trademoney power
For Whom?????
For the Mother Country
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Mercantilism

• Governments need raw materials for products
• produced in the nation. They get the raw
  materials from the colonies at a low price that
  they use to make a product that they sell back
  to the colonies at a high price. Governments
  controlled corporations and trading
• companies.
• Governments regulated production so nation
• could be exporting more than it imported.
• Sought exclusive trading rights with foreign
• powers and new world, which led to rivalries
  with
• other European powers.
• Established in the colonies for purpose of bring
  wealth
• back to the mother country.

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Think- Write- Pair Share
Explain the first reason for European Exploration?
The first reason for European Exploration is
What does Gold represent ?
In European exploration gold represents
What is mercantilism?
Mercantilism is the economic process that
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The second G Glory

• Just like the first G, Gold, Glory was a
  relatively new idea in Europe
• Came out of the Renaissance ideal of Humanism,
  and the focus on individual achievement
• With the rise of the printing press, the idea of
  gaining fame for ones actions was more possible
• Also, individual kings wanted glory for their
  kingdoms, competition spreads

The Triumph of Fame, a Flemish tapestry from 1502.
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The second G Glory

• Spanish colonies were very successful in brining
  wealth and pride to Spain, so England and France
  wanted the same thing.
• Workers/Farmers wanted to move up the social
  ladder.

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Think- Write- Pair Share

• What was the second reason for European
  Exploration?
• The second reason for European exploration was
  _________________________

Define what it means by Glory
The term glory means
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The third G God

• Europeans have always felt it was their godly
  duty to spread Christianity and convert
  non-believers to their form of Christianity.
• After the Protestant Reformation, competition
  will spring up to convert people to their form of
  Christianity
• Colonization of the new world will become a race
  to convert native peoples to a particular brand
  of Christianity
• Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most active
• People came to the New World to be able to
  practice their religion without fear of
  persecution

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Think- Write - Pair Share

• What is the third European reason for Exploration?

The third reason for European exploration is
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Use your notes above to complete the Cause
section of your thinking map BACK PAGE OF NOTES
Exploration
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Effects of European Exploration

• Spanish Explorers claimed New Spain which is
  present day Mexico.
• France set up Fur trade with the Native American
  in New France which was Ohio River valley to the
  Mississippi River and up into Canada.
• England (Great Britain) claimed the land along
  the Atlantic Ocean called it the thirteen
  colonies.

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Major Powers Exploring
England/ Great Britain
France
Spain
Mexico, Texas, and the West Coast of U.S.
United States colonies along the East Coast
Ohio River Valley and Canada
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• Exploration led to colonization of the new world
  which shifted wealth and power away from
  Mediterranean region to the countries of Western
  Europe toward Spain, England and France.
• Spain was enriched by American gold and silver.
  Spanish colonies were very successful in bringing
  wealth and pride to Spain. This led to England
  and France to start Exploration and colonization.

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Effects of Exploration

• England rulers desired to stake a claim for lands
  and riches to match Spains wealth.
• France set up a fur trade with Native American to
  gain wealth.

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Columbian Exchange

• Columbian Exchange exchange of plants, animals
  and diseases between the Eastern and Western
  Hemispheres that occurred after 1492

Columbian Exchange
Europe introduced
New World introduced
Corn, tomatoes, potatoes, and chocolate Tobacco,
Quinine turkey
Sugar, wheat, oranges, grapes, and
onions Horses, sheep, goats, cows, cats, and
rats Diseases smallpox, typhus, cholera, and
measles
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(No Transcript)
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Now complete your Cause and Effect thinking Map
Exploration
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Warm up

• Right below the timeline you need to define
  Colonization establishment of settlers and
  traders from a nation in an area outside the
  nations boundaries European nations established
  colonial empires for
• Gold Gold Glory
• You are going to decorate this area.

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8.2b Compare political, economic, religious, and
social reasons for the establishment of the 13
English colonies.
Economic () Social (way of life) includes
religion Political (government)
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What did the Americas have to offer to the people

• Pushing them out of Europe
• What was pulling people away from Europe and
  pushing them to the New World?
• Religious persecution
• Strict government rule
• Less resources
• King nobles owned land
• Very few opportunities

• Pull towards America
• What did Americans have to offer?
• Religious freedom
• Less restricted government
• Beginning of self-rule

• Untapped resources
• Could purchase cheap land
• Tons of opportunities

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• What are the push and pull factors that
  influenced immigration to the New World?
• The factors that pushed Europeans out of Europe
  are __________________________
• and the pull factors that brought the immigrates
  to American are ____________

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• Some migration is not always by choice but by
  force.

Can you think of an example of forced migration?
Do you think that if they were forced to move
they are still immigrates? Why or Why not Once
you decide go to the sign that says yes or no or
undecided and be ready to support your choice.
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8.2 B compare political, economic (),
religious, and social reasons for the
establishment of the 13 English colonies. 
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The Political, economic, religious and social
reasons for English Exploration
Social
Economic
Political
making and spending money
Way of life how they lived day to day including
religion
Government
--New Merchant class wanted to get rich through
overseas trade --Middle /Lower class wanted a
better life- could not afford to live in
England. -- Unemployed farmers wanted to own
land
Workers/Farmers wanted to move up the social
ladder.
Wanted to escape the Kings strong control Get
away from the nobles and the caste system
England Higher class was forcing Debtors,
prisoner and to get them out of England
Rivalry with Spain and wanting England to be
better.
Religion
Immigrants came to practice their own religious
beliefs without persecution
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European Peoples Gold reason for coming to New
World

• . New Merchant class wanted to get rich through
  overseas trade.
• Middle/Lower class wanted a better life and
  could not afford to live in England but could in
  the new world.
• Unemployed farmers wanted to own land

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The second G Glory

• Spanish colonies were very successful in brining
  wealth and pride to Spain, so England and France
  wanted the same thing.
• Workers/Farmers wanted to move up the social
  ladder.