Failures of the World War I Peace Settlement

1
Failures of the World War I Peace Settlement

• Treaty of Versailles causes anger, resentment in
  Europe
• Germany resents blame for war, loss of colonies,
  border territories
• Russia resents loss of lands used to create other
  nations
• New democracies flounder under social, economic
  problems
• Dictators rise driven by nationalism, desire for
  more territory

2
Joseph Stalin transforms the Soviet Union

• 1922 V. I. Lenin establishes Soviet Union after
  civil war
• 1924 Joseph Stalin takes over
• Believes in eventual rule by working class
• Creates second largest industrial power famines
  kill millions
• Believed in state ownership of property
• Replaces private farms with collectives
• Totalitarian government exerts almost complete
  control over people
• The Great Purge- Purges anyone who threatens his
  power 8-13 million killed

3
Nazis Take over Germany

• Adolf Hitler leader of National Socialist German
  Workers Party
• Wrote Mein Kampf-basic beliefs of Nazism, based
  on extreme nationalism
• Believed in extreme nationalism and racism,
  militaristic expansionism
• Established Third Reich, Pulled out of League of
  Nations, built up military and sent troops to
  Rhineland
• Private Property and Strong Government
• Believed he was part of master race destined to
  rule the world
• Felt Jews were responsible for worlds problems
  racial purification
• Anti-Communism

4
Hedeki Tojo

• Difficult economic times in Japan after WWI
  undermined the countrys political system
• Many Japanese officers/civilians wanted to seize
  territory to gain needed resources
• Believes in nationalism and militaristic
  expansionism
• 1931- Japanese nationalist military leaders seize
  resource rich Manchuria
• League of Nations condemns action Japan quits
  League
• Militarists take control of Japanese government

5
Benito Mussolini

• Unemployment, inflation lead to bitter strikes,
  some communist-led
• Benito Mussolini plays on fears of economic
  collapse, communism
• Supported by government officials, police, army
• 1922 appointed head of government, establishes
  totalitarian state
• Italy developed the first major dictatorship in
  Europe (Facism) aggressive nationalism
• Believed Nation more important than individual
• Agreed to the Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
• Oversaw invasion of Ethiopia

6
Francisco Franco

• Civil War breaks out in Spain
• 1936 Gen. Francisco Franco rebels against Spanish
  republic
• Hitler, Mussolini back Franco Stalin aids
  opposition
• Western democracies remain neutral
• Believes in Fascism and Militarism
• War leads to Rome-Berlin Axis- alliance between
  Italy and Germany
• 1939, Franco wins war, becomes fascist dicator

7
Americans Cling to Isolationism

• Public is outraged at profits of _______, arms
  dealers during WWI.
• Europeans refused to pay war debts to US.
• Americans become ________________ FDR backs away
  from ____________ policy
• 1935 ____________________ try to keep U.S. out of
  future wars
• Outlaws ________ sales, loans to nations at war
• 1937 Japan launches new attack on China FDR
  sends aid to _____________
• FDR wants to isolate aggressor nations to stop
  _______.

8
Austria and Czechoslovakia Fall

• Post WWI division of Austria-Hungary creates
  fairly small __________.
• Majority of Austrians are ___________, favor
  unification with Germany
• 1938, German troops march into Austria
  _________________ union complete
• US., rest of world do nothing to stop Germany

9
Bargaining for the Sudetenland

• 3 million German-speakers in Sudetenland
• Hitler claims Czechs abuse Sudeten Germans,
  masses _________________ on border.
• 1938, Prime Ministes Daladier, Neville
  Chamberlain meet with _____________.
• Sign ___________________, hand Sudetenland over
  to Germany
• Winston Churchill condemns appeasement policy,
  warns _____________ will follow
• _____________________- giving up principles to
  pacify an aggressor

10
The Soviet Union Declares Neutrality

• March 1939, German troops occupy rest of
  Czechoslovakia
• Hitler charges Poles mistreat ___________ in
  Poland
• Many think hes bluffing invading Poland would
  bring ___________________ war.
• Stalin, Hitler sign _________________________-
  will not attack each other
• Sign second, secret pact agreeing to divide
  ____________ between them.

11
German Offensive Begins (2 slides)

• Sept 1939, Hitler overruns Poland in
  _______________, lightening war.
• Germany _____________ western Poland USSR
  annexes east
• ________________________ declare war on Germany
  World War II begins
• French, British soldiers on Maginot Line face
  Germans in __________________.
• Stalin annexes Latvia, Lithuania defeats
  ___________.
• 1940, Hitler invades Denmark, Norway, then
  ____________________.

12
The Fall of France

• German army goes through __________________,
  bypassing French, British
• British, French trapped on _______________
  ferried to safely in UK
• 1940, Italy invades France from south Germans
  approach _______________.
• France falls Germans ___________ northern France
• __________________ pupped government set up in
  southern France
• General Charles de Gaulle sets up government
  ________________ in England.

13
The Battle of Britain

• Summer 1940, Germany prepares fleet to invade
  Britain
• Battle of Britain German __________ bomb
  British targets
• Britain uses ___________ to track, shoot down
  German planes
• Hitler calls off invasion of Britain
• Germans, British continue to bomb each others
  cities

14
The US moves Cautiously Away from Neutrality

• 1939, FDR persuades Congress to pass
  _______________ provision
• Argues will help France, Britain defeat Hitler,
  keep ________ out of war
• 1940 FDR tries to provide Britain all _____
  short of war
• Germany, Japan, Italy sign Tripartite Pact,
  mutual defense treaty
• Became known as __________________.
• Pact aimed at keeping US out of war by forcing
  fight on ________________.

15
Building US Defenses

• Nazi victories in 1940 lead to increased U.S
  defense spending