World%20War%20I%20and%20Its%20Aftermath

1
World War I and Its Aftermath

• Chapter 10, World History

2
The Stage is Set!

• Pressure for peace
• Nobel Peace Prize
• If women could vote there would be no war!
• Aggressive Nationalism
• -Alsace and Lorraine (Germany and France)
• -Pan-Slavism-Slavics ruled by Russia
• Crisis in the Balkans-Break aways from Turkey..
  A powderkeg

3
The Stage

• Economic and Imperial Rivalries
• British Power
• Germans No Respect
• Militarism and the Arms Race
• -Glorification of war
• -Build up of troops

4
The Stage of Alliances

• The Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy
• (and Russia!!)

• The Allies
• Britain
• France
• Russia
• And Japan!!!

5
The Guns of August

• A Murder with Millions of Victims
• UPCLOSE, page 281
• The Killer Gavrilo Princip
• The Victims Francis Ferdinand and his wife
• Place Sarajevo
• Punishment Prison, too young to be tried as an
  adult

6
Peace Unravels

• Upon news of his nephews assassination, Francis
  Joseph sent Serbians an Ultimatum. Serbia did not
  agree, Austria declared war on Serbia
• Germans backed Austrians
• Russia backed the Serbs
• Russia asked France for help
• Germans declared war on France

7
The Schlieffen Plan

• The plan of the Germans if they were involved in
  a two front war.
• Because Russia had a lumbering armystrike
  quickly at France, then go to Russia.
• Germany had to go through Belgium, who had treaty
  with Britain. Britain declares war on Germany
• Is war ever justified? See pages 404 and 405

8
A New Kind of Conflict

• See page 285, Intro
• The Western Front
• -Trench Warfare
• Stalemate for two years
• They shall not pass (French)
• Costly war 60,000 die in one day
• Mechanized war, See page 287

9
Other European fronts

• Disaster for Russia, some went into battle
  without a riflesyet the peasants had to fight
• 1915 Bulgaria joined Central Powers and destroyed
  Serbia
• Italians had disasterous battles, also

10
War Beyond Europe

• War was being fought in the African Colonies
• Middle East trouble/battles with the
  Turks/Ottomans
• Japan allied with Britain and seized German
  outposts in China
• The United States not invovled yet.

11
Winning the War

• The Effects of Stalemate
• Total War All a nations resources
• Propaganda Controlling public opinion
• Atrocities Horrible acts of innocent people
• DESPERATION

12
A Poem by whom?

• Hate by water and hate by land
• Hate of the head and hate of the hand
• We love as one, we hate as one
• We have one foe and one alone
• ENGLAND

13
Collapse of Moral

• Germany sent 15 year olds to war
• Britain on the brink of bankruptcy
• Failures of victories
• Troops mutinied and deserted
• Russian troops left to help Revolution
• RUSSIA WITHDRAWALS FROM WAR!!!!

14
The United States Declares War

• Why?
• The Germans attacked US ships (the story of the
  Lusitania)
• Cultural ties to Britain
• Zimmerman note
• April 1917 America enters the war
• The FINAL SHOWDOWN, see pages 292 and 293

15
Making the Peace

• The Costs of War
• 8.5 million dead
• Double that for wounded
• 1918 Influenza epidemic
• Who pays for the War?
• The Central Powers had to pay reparations
• Governments of Germans, Austria-Prussian and
  Ottomans destroyed

16
Paris Peace Conference

• The Big Three
• Wilson urged Peace without Victory
• David George(British PM)
• Georges Clemenceau (French) Germany must never
  again threaten France Mr. Wilson bores me with
  his 14 points..
• Only League of Nations from Wilson

17
The Treaty of Versailles

• Germany full blame for war
• Germany had huge reparations to pay(all
  destruction and Allies soldiers, widows, orphans,
  pensions)
• Limited size of German Army
• Alsace and Lorraine to France
• No German overseas colonies
• Germans signed the treaty because they had no
  choice

18
Other Settlements

• Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Lithuania,
  Latvia, Estonia, and Yugoslavia new republics
• Mandates governed by Allies in Europe controlled
  colonies
• Japan ruled Germans China ports
• Italians did not get land they were promised

19
Hopes for Global Peace

• League of Nations
• More than 40 nations joined the League
• Agreed to negotiate, not fight
• US Congress said, NO. US did not join the League
  of Nations
• League was powerless