Goal%203%20

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Goal 3 Middle Ages

• Coach Tomlin
• World History

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Goal 3 Middle Ages

• Middle Ages medieval period after the decline
  of the Roman Empire. Spanned from 500 1500.

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Goal 3 Changes

• Disruption of Trade merchants faced invasions
  from land and sea.
• Downfall of cities cities were abandoned
• Population Shifts nobles retreated to the rural
  areas.

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Goal 3 Germanic Kingdoms

• Concept of Government Personal loyalty bound
  German Society together.
• Germanic people lived in small communities.
• Made it tough to establish orderly government for
  large territories.

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Goal 3 Christianity in German Kingdoms

• Clovis convinced by his wife Clothilde to convert
  to her belief.
• Church in Rome welcome his conversion and his
  military campaigns uniting the 2 forces.

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Goal 3 German Christianity

• Monasteries religious community centers built
  by the church in rural areas.
• Monks (men) lived in monasteries. Became
  servants of god. Women lived in convents.

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Goal 3 - Monasteries

• Best educational community.
• Venerable Bede, English monk, wrote the history
  of England.

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Goal 3 Gregory I

• Gregory I known as Gregory the Great. Papacy
  (popes office) became secular worldly power
  involved in politics.
• Gregory used church revenues to raise armies,
  repair roads, help the poor, work peace treaty.

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Goal 3 Charlemagne

• Charlemagne reunited western Europe for first
  time since Roman empire.
• Used conquest to spread Christianity throughout.
  (Muslims-Spain, Other Germanic Tribes)

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Goal 3 - Charlemagne

• Claimed Roman Emperor by the pope. Germanic
  Power Church RE
• Strengthened power by reducing power of nobles,
  surrounded himself with scholars of all languages
  and expaned monasteries,

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Goal 3 - Feudalism

• Constant warfare among invaders in europe.
• Military and political system based on land
  ownership and personal loyalty is called
  feudalism.

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Goal 3 V-I- K-I-N-G-S

• Vikings are from scandinavia.
• Worshiped warlike gods and took nicknames Eric
  Bloodaxe
• Vikes would beach their ships attack and set sail
  again before local troops would arive.

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Goal 3 V-I- K-I-N-G-S

• Warships held up to 300 warriors with 72 oars.
  Could go in 3ft of water so made inland looting
  possible.

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Goal 3 V-I- K-I-N-G-S

• Not only warriors but also traders, farmers and
  explorers.
• Leif Ericson reached America 500 years before
  Columbus.
• Vikes accepted Christianity and warmer climates
  made for more need for agricultural settlements
  in Iceland.

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Goal 3 Social Order

• System of governing and landholding
• Lord landowner
• Fief land granted by a lord in exchange for
  military protection and service.
• Vassal person who received the Fief.

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Goal 3 Feudal Pyramid

• King top of pyramid
• Nobles, Church Officals most powerful vassals
• Knights warriors who pledged to defend lords
  land in exchange for fields.
• Peasants workers in the fields

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Goal 3 Feudal Pyramid
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Goal 3 Social Classes

• Medieval writers classified people into 3 groups.
• 1) those who fight (nobles and knights)2)
  those who pray (men/women of church)3) those
  who worked (peasants)

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Goal 3 - Serf

• Most people were peasants who were serfs.
• Serfs people who could not lawfully leave the
  place where they were born. Bound to the land,
  but not considered a slave. Wealth of lords came
  from the labor of the peasants.

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Goal 3 Economics

• Manor the lords estate
• Manor system was the rights between lord and his
  serfs.
• Lord provided land, housing and protection from
  bandits. Serf provided work in fields and home.

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Goal 3 Manor Life

• Peasants paid a tax on all grain ground at the
  lords mill, tax on marriage, paid a tithe
  church tax, 1/10 of their income.

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Goal 3 Cause / Effect
Cause - Rise of Fedualism Effects -
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Goal 3 - Warfare

• Warfare keeps Europe in a state of constant
  turmoil. Lords defended their estates, seized
  new territories and increased wealth.

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Goal 3 Warriors on Horseback

• Mounted soldiers became the most important part
  of army.
• Saddle (Asia) kept warrior on horse.
• Stirrups (India) allowed warrior to stand up and
  use weapons.

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Goal 3 warriors role

• Knights duty to the lord involved about 40 days
  of mounted combat each year. Lords would give
  Knights serfs to manage affairs at home and
  income so that a Knight could devote all to
  combat.

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Goal 3 - Chivalry

• Chivalry - a complex set of ideas, demanded that
  a knight fight bravely in defense of 3 masters.
• Heavenly lord, earthly lord and chosen lady.
• Knights were suppose to help the poor and be
  loyal, brave and courteous.

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Goal 3 Mock of Shame

• Knight who disgraced the chivalry code faced
  public shame.
• Armor stripped off, Shield cracked, Spurs cut
  off, Sword broken over his head, Threw into
  coffin and drug to church for mock funeral.

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Goal 3 War Games

• Tournaments mock battles that knights took part
  in.
• Combined recreation with combat training. Two
  knight armies would charge toward each other.

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Goal 3 - HOME

• Castles became encircled by massive walls and
  guard towers.
• Castle became home to lord and lady, knights and
  other men at arms and servants.

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Goal 3 Castle D

• Defense of castle became creative.
• Poured boiling hot h2o, hot oil, molten lead on
  enemy soldiers from walls.
• Archers stationed on roof of castle to shoot down
  enemies.

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Goal 3 castle O

• Siege Tower tower that rolled up to the castle
  walls. Tower would carry soldiers and weapons to
  tower walls protected. Had a drawbridge at top
  that would lower onto castle wall.

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Goal 3 castle O

• Battering ram made of heavy timber with sharpe
  metal tip. Swung into castle walls and doors to
  knock down anything in its way.

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Goal 3 castle O

• Trebuchet giant slingshot, propelled objects up
  over castle walls and into the side of castles.

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Goal 3 castle O

• Mantlet moving fence that shielded soldiers.

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Goal 3 castle O

• Tortoise moved slowing on wheels sheltered
  soldiers from arrows being shot from the top of
  castle walls.

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Goal 3 castle O

• Mangonel flung objects into castle walls.

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Goal 3 Literature

• Epic poems heroic deeds and adventures. Song
  of Roland most famous and well known piece.
• Troubadours poet musicians at castles and
  courts of Europe. Composed stories and short
  verse about the joys and sorrow of romantic love.

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Goal 3 Chivalry and Women

• Noblewomen were placed on pedestal to where they
  can be worshiped.
• Most women were poor and powerless.
• Roles of women bear children, endless labor,
  taking care of family/home.
• Women were not allowed to receive land in
  exchange for service.

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Goal 3 - Church and State

• God had created 2 swords. Political sword
  controlled by emperor and spiritual sword
  controlled by pope.
• 2 leaders could share power in harmony if both
  kept word to other.

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Goal 3 - Church

• clergy - religious officials.
• clergy pyramid - pope - head of churchbishops -
  settle disputes over church teachingspriest -
  lowest ranking member.

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Goal 3 - Church

• sacraments - important religious ceremonies.
  These ceremonies were a way for achieving
  salvation. (baptism/confirmation)
• Cannon Law - church law. All were subject to
  this law. Two forms of punishments were
  excommunication and interdict.
• Lay Investiture ceremony in which kings and
  nobles appoint church officials.

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Goal 3 Problems in Church

• New Age of Religious feeling was born called the
  Age of Faith.
• 3 problems in church a. village priest were
  marriedb. simony positions sold by bishops in
  churchc. lay investiture put kings in control
  of bishops.
• Friars traveling priest, vowed chastity,
  poverty and obedience.

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Goal 3 - Cathedrals

• Romanesque rounded arches and heavy roof held
  up by thick walls and pillars.
• Gothic reached upward toward the heavens. Used
  Stained Glass windows. Spread during medieval
  Europe.

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Goal 3 - Crusades

• Age of faith inspired wars of conquest
• Crusade holy war to gain land for holy land
• Pope Urban II called for 1st crusade. Motives
  economic / relgious
• Unite knights as one who fought against each
  other. If knight died assured place in heaven.

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Goal 3 - Crusades

• 1st crusade captured city of Jerusalem but were
  ill prepared (climate, geo. or culture)
• 2nd crusade Muslims win back city and 2nd
  crusaders driven out.
• Saladin captured city of Jerusalem.

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Goal 3 - Crusades

• 3rd Crusade recapture Europe led by King
  Phillip, Frederick I (Barbarossa), and King
  Richard Lionhearted.
• Richard agreed to terms with Saladin to bring
  peace. In return Christians could visit
  Jerusalem.
• After 4th crusade failure Church split into East
  and West.

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Goal 3 Spanish Crusades

• Reconquista effort to drive out the Muslims
  from Spain.
• Inquisition attempt to unify Jewish and Muslims
  in Christianity. Expelled all practicing Jews
  and Muslims from Spain.

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Goal 3 Growing Demands

• 3 field system - farmers could grow on fields
  two - thirds of year. 200 acres in winter, 200
  acres in spring and 200 to lay fallow.
• Food production increased, population increased.

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Goal 3 - Trade

• Trade took place in both towns.
• Guild association of people who worked at the
  same occupation.
• Trade increased, towns became wealthier and so
  did lords.
• Lords controlled the towns and levied taxes, fees
  and rent on the burghers.
• Burghers town dwellers.

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Goal 3 - Literature

• Vernacular everyday language of their homeland.
• Scholastics fellow scholars who met to educate
  themselves.
• Teachings on law and government influenced
  thinking of western europreans.

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• Siege Towers
• Mantlet
• Battering Ram
• Trebuchet
• Tortoise
• Mangonel
• Epic Poems
• Troubadours
• Role of Women
• 2 swords
• Clergy Pyramid
• Sacraments
• Cannon Law
• Excommunication
• Interdict
• Lay Investiture
• Friars
• Romanesque
• Gothic

• Middle Ages
• Clovis
• Monasteries
• Monks
• Gregory I
• Charlemagne
• Feudalism
• Leif Ericson
• Fief
• Vassal
• Feudal Pyramid
• Serf
• Manor
• Manor System
• Tithe
• Knights
• Chivalry
• Mock of Shame
• Tournaments