Southern Elementary

1
Southern Elementary

• Music Program

2
Elements of Music
3
Rhythm

• Concepts
• Music may be comparatively fast or slow,
  depending on the speed of the underlying pulse.
  
• Music may become faster or slower by changing the
  speed of the underlying pulse.
  
• A series of beats may be organized into regular
  or irregular groupings by stressing certain
  beats.
  

4
Rhythm

• Individual sounds and silences within a rhythmic
  line may be longer than, shorter than, or the
  same as other sounds within the line.
  
• Individual sounds and silences within a rhythmic
  line may be longer than, shorter than or the same
  as the underlying steady beat or shortest pulse.
  
• Accented sounds within a rhythmic line may sound
  with, before or after the accented underlying
  beat.
  
• http//www.empire.k12.ca.us/capistrano/Mike/capmus
  ic/rhythm/rhythm.htm
  

5
Dynamics

• Concepts
• Music may be comparatively loud or soft.
• Music may become louder or softer.
• Dynamics can be
• Forte (loud).
• Mezzo forte (medium loud).
• Piano (soft).
• Mezzo piano (medium soft).
• Crescendo (Gradually becoming louder)
• Decrescendo (Gradually becoming softer)
• http//www.empire.k12.ca.us/capistrano/Mike/capmus
  ic/glossary20of20musical20terms/glossary.htm
  

6
Style

• Concepts
• Musical elements are combined into a whole to
  express a musical or extra musical idea.
  
• The expressiveness of music is affected by the
  way timbre, dynamics, articulation, rhythm,
  melody, harmony, form, tempo, and texture
  contribute to the musical whole.
• Styles/genres blues, pop, rock, rap, country,
  game songs, work songs, lullabies, marches,
  patriotic, folk songs. http//www.lib.virginia.edu
  /speccol/exhibits/music/hymns_shout.html
• Cultures and periods native American, west
  African, American folk, baroque, contemporary.
  

7
Timbre

• Concepts
• The quality of a sound is determined by the sound
  source.
  
• The quality of a sound is affected by the
  material, shape, and size of the source.
  
• The quality of a sound is affected by the way the
  sound is produced.
  
• The total sound is affected by the number and
  qualities of sounds occurring at the same time.
  

8
Timbre

• Families of the orchestra woodwind, brass,
  string, and percussion.
  
• Woodwinds flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon,
  saxophone, English horn.
  
• Brass trumpet, trombone, French horn, tuba.
• Strings violin, viola, cello, double violin,
  harp.
  
• Percussion snare drum, bass drum, cymbals,
  xylophone, triangle.
  
• Voice soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass.
• http//www.empire.k12.ca.us/capistrano/Mike/capmus
  ic/instruments/instruments.htm
  

9
Tempo

• Concepts
• The speed of the beat
• Tempo can be
• Presto (very fast)
• Allegro ( fast)
• Andante (walking speed)
• Adagio (slow)
• Largo (very slow)
• Ritardando (gradually slow down)

10
Harmony

• Concepts
• Chords and melody may move simultaneously in
  relation to each other.
  
• A series of simultaneous sounds may alternate
  between activity and rest.
  
• Two or more pitches may be sounded
  simultaneously.
  
• Two or more musical lines may occur
  simultaneously.
  

11
Melody

• Concepts
• A series of pitches may move up, down, or remain
  the same.
  
• A series of pitches may move up or down by steps
  or skips.
  
• http//www.empire.k12.ca.us/capistrano/Mike/capmus
  ic/melody/melody.htm
  

12
Melody

• Each pitch within a melody moves in relation to a
  home tone.
  
• A series of pitches bounded by the octave "belong
  together," forming a tonal set.
  
• A melody may be relatively high or low.
• Individual pitches, when compared to each other,
  may be higher, lower, or the same.

13
Form

• Concepts
• A musical whole begins, continues, and ends.
• A musical whole is a combination of smaller
  segments.
  
• A musical whole may be made up of same, varied,
  or contrasting segments.

14
Form

• A series of sounds may form a distinct musical
  idea within the musical whole.
  
• A musical whole may include an introduction,
  interludes, and an ending segment.
  
• AB (2 part), ABA (3part), rounds, call/response,
  verse/chorus.