Unit 3 Absolutism

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Unit 3 Absolutism Constitutionalism The
Birth of Modern Western Politics Modern World
AMDG
Versailles
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• Introduction
• Timeframe
• 1650-1750
• Areas of Focus
• 1). France
• 2). Russia
• 3). Spain
• 4). Austria / Prussia
• 5). England
• Overview
• 17th Century Causes of Social Unrest
• Increasing Governmental Control over States
• Birth of the Liberal Democracy out of regional
  failures of Absolutism

John Locke, 1685
Ivan IV The Terrible
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• (Introduction Continued)
• New Political Ideologies
• Absolutism
• A society dominated by one central political
  figure.
• Sovereignty by Divine Right
• Russia, France, Spain, Austria/Prussia 16th
  Century England
• Constitutionalism (Liberalism)
• Sovereignty in the hands of the people
• Representative Government based on the Social
  Contract
• The Failure of Absolutism the Glorious
  Revolution

Louis XIV, 1670s
Glorious Revolution, 1688
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• I). French Absolutism
• 3 Central Figures Responsible for the rise
• of the Absolute State in France
• Henry IV (1589-1610)
• Cardinal Richelieu (1624-42)
• Louis XIV (1643-1715)

Scenes from Versailles
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A). Henry IV (r.1589-1610) Good King Henry
Henry IV, 1600

• Significance
• Responsible for saving France from
  Reformational Conflict.
• Accomplishments
• 1). Est. of Bourbon Dynasty
• 2). Edict of Nantes
• 3). Suppression of the Nobility
• 4). Economic Prosperity
• 5). Restructuring of the Military
• Death
• 1610 Assassination Francois Ravaillae
• Vulnerability of the Queen and young King
• 1610-1624 Dominance of French Nobility

St. Bartholomews Day Massacre 1572
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Louis XIII (r. 1610-1643)

• B). Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642)
• Armand Jean Du Plessis
• Significance
• Played a critical role in strengthening the
  French Monarchy and the Catholic Church in
  France.
• Rise to Power
• 1610-24 Monarchy dominated by Noble Factions
• 1624 Richelieus appointment to the Council of
  Ministers
• 1628 Richelieus Influence over Louis XIII
• Goal
• Suppression of the Nobility / Fortification of
  the Monarchy

Richelieu
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Richelieu (continued)

• Accomplishments
• 1). Suppression of Nobility
• Denied Roles in State Affairs
• Destruction of Fortified Towns
• Refusal to call Estates General
• 2). Centralization of the State
• Intendants
• Re-Organization of Military
• Establishment of the French Academy
• 3). Religion
• Attempts to Unify Imposition of Catholicism
• Role in the 30 Years War
• Demise
• 1642 Death Causes the Fronde

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Apotheosis of Louis XIV 1677

• C). Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715)
• The Sun King
• 1). Childhood
• Effects of the Fronde
• Jules Mazarin and the Queen Reagent
• 1661 Assumption of Power
• 2). Sun King Philosophy
• Letat cest moi!
• Jacques Bossuet and the Divine Right
  Philosophy
• History and Utilization of Versailles
• European Influence of the Sun King
• 3). Economic Management
• All major economic advisors from the merchant
  classes
• Primary Economic Advisor Jean Baptise Colbert
• Minister of War Francois Michel le Tallies
• The Common People and Louis Tax Structure

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Typical Versailles Interior
Louis Utilizing Versailles
Aerial Depiction of Versailles
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• 4). Religion
• Strong Proponent of Catholicism
• One King, One Law, One Faith!
• Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
• 5). Wars of Louis XIV
• Overview
• Self-Delusions of Military Greatness
• Construction of a Modern Army
• Roots of the Revolution
• Conflicts
• a). Invasion of the Spanish Netherlands (1667)
• b). Seizure of Strasbourg (1681)
• c). War of the League of Augsburg (1688-1694)
• d). War of Spanish Succession (1701-1713)

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• 6). Conclusion
• 1715 Death
• French Public Rejoiced upon hearing
• The news of his demise
• Too lavish, too many wars, too much
• Inequality in the tax structure
• Significance
• Rising social stratification within French
  Society
• Parity Peasants/Middle Class
• vs.
• Nobility / Monarchy

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Alexander Nevsky (1220-1263)

• II). Development of the Absolute State in Russia
• A). The Rise of Moscow
• Antiquity to 800 AD Disorganized Slavic Region
• 800-1000 AD Viking Era The Kievan State
• 1240-1480 AD Mongolian Era
• Major Muscovite Princes
• 1). Alexander Nevsky (1250s)
• 2). Ivan I (r. 1328-41) Money Bags
• 3). Ivan III (r. 1462-1505)
• 1480 On
• Russian Refusal to Acknowledge the Mongol Khan
  Establishment of the Tsars Government

Extent of the Mongol Empire - 1300
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Russian Borders 1560
Russian Borders 1796
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• B). Major Tsars of the Absolute Era
• 1). Ivan IV, The Terrible (r. 1533-1584)
• a). Early Life (1533-1560)
• Mothers Death 1541
• Service Nobility
• Marriage to Anastasia Romanov
• Kazan / Astrakan vs. Mongols
• b). Terror the Oprichniki (1560-1584)
• 1560 Death of Anastasia
• Utilization of the Oprichniks
• Further Suppression of Boyars / Commoners
• 1557-1580 Military Failures
• 1580 Murder of Son
• c). Time of Troubles (1598-1613)
• Russian Instability Foreign Threats

1581 Death of Ivan Ivanovich
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Razin on the Volga

• Time of Troubles Stenka Razin (1630-1671)
• Development of Cossack Culture
• The Cossack Way so that all men will be
  equal
• 1670 Cossack Army
• Terrorization of Southern Boyar Estates
• 1671 Capture and Execution
• 2). Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725)
• Credited with Bringing Russia into Mainstream
  European
• Civilization
• a). Early Reign 1682-1695
• Childhood Education
• Discontent with Russian Culture
• Tour of Western Europe 1689-1690
• Westernization of Russia
• 1. Foundation of St. Petersburg, 1703
• 2. Scholars and Western Europe

Peter the Great
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• b). Wars Expansion
• Determined to continue Tsarist Expansion
• Goal Warm Water Ports
• 1). Siberian Conquest 1682
• 2). Black Sea Campaign 1683
• 3). Vitus Bering
• 4). Great Northern War
• c). Domestic Policies
• Education
• The Church The Holy Synod
• The Neo-Feudal State

Winter Palace, St. Petersburg
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• 3). Catherine II, Catherine the Great
  (1729-1796)
• a). Assumption of Power
• Anhalt-Zerbst Region
• Role of Empress Elizabeth
• 1744 Marriage to Future Tsar
• Assassination of Peter III
• b). Catherine the Enlightenment
• Westernization of Russian Culture
• 1). Correspondence w/ Philosophes
• 2). Publishing of the Encyclopedia
• 3). Education Reforms
• 4). Proposed Reforms to Feudal Legal System
• Emelian Pugachev Cossack Rebellion 1773-75
• Total Serfdom in Russia the Catherine Paradox
  
• c). Military Campaigns
• Partition of Poland the Acquisition of
  Territories (1772)

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Lenin Stalin, 1921

• C). Post-Tsarist Russia Contemporary Issues
• 1). Russian Culture
• Churchill Quote
• Ethnic Differences
• Religious Differences
• Traditional Social Stratification
• 2). Culture of Repression
• Vikings / Mongols (800-1450)
• Tsarist State (1450-1917)
• Soviet Regime (1917-1991)
• 3). Russia Today
• Post-Soviet Economic Instability
• Military Weakness Kursk Incident
• Separatism within the Russia State
• (Chechnya the Ukraine)

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Vladimir Putin, President Russian Federation
2000-Present
Beslan Massacre, September 2004
Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko
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Kursk Tragedy, August 2000
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• III). The Decline of Absolute Spain
• A). 1550-1650 Siglo de Oro
• 1490s Unification
• Role in Exploration
• Post 1555 Economic Dominance
• B). Absolute Monarchs of Spain
• 1). Ferdinand and Isabella (r. 1469-1515)
• Aragon-Castile Merger
• Reconquista
• Hermandados
• Expulsion Edict
• Initiation of Exploration
• 2). Charles V (r. 1515-1558)
• Castile-Habsburg Connection
• Territories Acquisitions

Ferdinand Isabella
Territories of Charles V
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El Escorial

• 3). Phillip II (r. 1555-1598)
• Defender of the Faith
• Castilian Culture
• El Escorial
• Marranos, Mariscos and the Inquisition
• Catholicism the Netherlands
• 1588 Sinking of the Spanish Armada
• C). 17th Century Spanish Collapse
• Cervantes satirically charts the fall
• Causes for the Fall
• 1). Economic Stagnation
• 2). Intellectual Isolation
• 3). Post-1588 Malaise

Don Quixote
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Maria Theresa of Austria

• IV). Absolutism in the German States
• Introduction
• Absolutism the 30 Years War
• Austria (1637-1790)
• Prussia (1640-1786)
• A). Austria
• 1). Post-30 Years War
• Habsburg Central Europe
• Role of Ferdinand III (r. 1637-1657)
• 2). Ottoman Turks
• European Presence since 1453
• 1683 Siege of Vienna
• Unifying Effect
• 3). Austria in the 18th Century
• 1701-1720 Territorial Acquisitions

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Frederick William I

• B). Prussia
• 1). 17th Century Roots of Unification
• Post-30 Years War Rise of Prussia
• Division and the Peace of Westphalia
• Hohenzollern Dynasty the Junker Class
• 2). Hohenzollern Monarchs
• a). Frederick William (1640-88)
• Great Elector
• b). Frederick William I (1713-40)
• Soldiers King
• c). Frederick II (1740-86)

Oblique Order of Frederick II
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Emergence of Prussia the Eventual Unification
of Germany
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• V). The Decline of Absolutism the Development
  of the
• Constitutional State in England
• Introduction
• War of the Roses 1455-1485
• 1485 Tudor Stability
• Traditional Restrictions on Monarchal Authority
• 1550s The Reformation Instability
• A). Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603)
• 1). Politics
• The Public Figure
• Utilization of Sexuality
• Ruled w/ Parliament Advisors
• Justices of the Peace
• Strict Social Hierarchy
• 2). Economics

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• 3). Military Aspects
• Avoidance of Continental Affairs
• Naval Build Up the Sea Dogs
• Consolidation of Magnum Britannia
• 1588 Conflict with Spanish
• B). The Stuart Monarchs The Decline of
  Absolutism
• in England
• 1). The Stuart Dynasty Part I 1603-1660
• a). James I (r. 1603-1625)
• Problems w/ Reign
• Rising Parliamentary Authority
• b). Charles I (r. 1625-1649)
• Problems w/ Reign
• Petition of Right
• Scottish Rebellion Long Parliament

James I r. 1603-1625
Charles I r. 1625-1649
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Charles II - 1680

• 2). Stuart Dynasty Part II The Restoration
  (1660-1685)
• a). Charles II (r. 1660-1685)
• Restoring the Stuart Dynasty
• Disputes over Monarchal Income
• Agreement w/ Louis XIV
• b). James II (r. 1685-1688)
• Openly Catholic
• Alienation of the People
• 1688 Catholic Heir to the Throne
• c). Mary Stuart William of Orange
• Protestant King of the Netherlands
• Offered English Throne
• Welcomed by English People 1688

William and Mary - 1688
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John Locke 1632-1704

• C). The Glorious Revolution
• First Truly Liberal Constitutional State
• Characteristics
• Democracy???
• Influence of John Locke

William Mary r. 1688-1702