Heading for War

1
Heading for War
2
General Expectations

• Different N/S demands.
• Northerners (esp. Lincoln) denied the possibility
  of secession and war
• Southerners didnt believe that the North would
  fight over secession.

3
Election of 1860

• Abraham Lincoln (Republican) Illinois
• Stephen Douglas (Democrat) Illinois
• John C. Breckenridge (Democrat) Kentucky
• John Bell (Constitutional Union) Tennessee

4
Results
5
Immediate Results?

• Southern Paranoia
• Over-confident Free-Soilers and Abolitionists
• Lincolns belief in human reason
• South Carolina seceded from the Union in December
  of 1860.
• Jefferson Davis elected and inaugurated
  President of the Confederate States of America in
  February 1861

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Lincolns Views

• On Slavery
• On the Union
• 1st Inaugural Address
• Free Soil
• States cant secede
• Wont interfere in existing states

7
Secession
8
Fort Sumter

• Charleston, SC April 12, 1861
• Major Robert Anderson
• First shots

9
Miscalculations

• Brief War 3 months
• Troops 75,000
• Northerners industrial production and white
  male population, RR tracks
• Southerners Cohesive society vs. class conflict,
  loyal slaves, war of defense vs. war for profit

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Before the War

• North
• 23 States
• 22 million people
• Factories
• Railroads

• South
• 11 States
• 9 million people
• Geography
• Military tradition
• Natural Resources

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Problems of Limited Government

• Largest branch of government?
• US Postal Service
• War Department 56 employees
• Army.17,000 men
• No maps, old guns, no federal tax for war
• Winfield Scott senior military officer
• No field experience

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1st Bull Run / Manassas
13
First Battle of Bull Run/ First Manassas

• July 1861
• Proximity to DC
• 5 days march
• Stonewall Jackson
• Spectators
• The return trip

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16
Contrabands

• goods that may not be shipped to a belligerent
  because they serve a military purpose.

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Benjamin Butlers War

• Contrabands 1861
• Beast Butler
• General Orders 28 1862

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Frank Leslies Illustrated Contrabands
19
1862

• Lincoln appointed provisional military governors
  for Louisiana, Tennessee, and North Carolina.
• AprilCSA Conscription Act
• May--Butler in New Orleans
• September--Battle of Antietam
• Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

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Conscription Act

• Confederate States of America
• ages 18-35 (expanded several times to include men
  17-50)
• Union attempts to get more volunteers

21
Beast Butler

• New Orleans M ay 1862
• General Orders 28

22
Beginnings of Reconstruction

• 1863 Steps were taken to reestablish governments
  in newly occupied states in which at least 10
  percent of the voting population had taken the
  prescribed oath of allegiance.