Ch. 21

1
Ch. 21

• The Civil War

2
Bull Run

• Bull Run (Manassas Junction), 30 miles south of
  Washington
• Assumed a quick strike would knock out South
• July 21,1861
• Picnickers
• Stonewall Jackson
• The Great Skedaddle
• Consequences

3
McClellan And The Peninsula Campaign

• George McClellanYoung Napoleon
• Strengths and Weaknesses
• McClellans slow creep down the Chesapeake
• Seven Days Battle
• Robert E. Lee
• McClellans Retreat

4
Anaconda Plan

• Union plan has six components
• Suffocate the south by blockading the coast
• Liberate the slaves and thus undermine southern
  economy
• Cut the South in half by seizing control of the
  Mississippi
• Chop the confederacy into pieces by sending
  troops through the Carolinas and Georgia
• Decapitate it by seizing Richmond
• Wage war of attrition and attack the southern
  main forces with Bigger Union forces. South
  cant afford to lose troops at 1-1 ratio.

5
ART OF WAR

• By 1860 had been huge technological leaps in
  weaponry.
• Rifled barrels
• Minie ball
• Tactics had to change, but most of the officers
  didnt adjust early.
• entrenched defensive fortifications were supreme.
• Change in how Calvary used.
• Artillery used defensively to mow down attackers
  during a charge and to soften up defenders before
  attacking.

6
Second Bull Run8/29/62

• Pope v. Lee and Jackson
• Day 1, Pope attempts a frontal assault and is
  repulsed.
• Day 2, Longstreet has his troops laid out in an
  open V. Pope attacks up the middle and is
  mauled.
• 16,000 Federal casualties compared to 9,000
  Confederate casualties.
• Pope is relieved of command and sent to Minn. to
  fight the Indians. McClellan placed back into
  command.

7
Antietam 9/17/1862

• Lees thrust into Maryland
• Purpose
• The cigar problem
• McClelland fails to act aggressively. Draw in
  fact, win technically, but tactical defeat for
  Union.
• 9/17/62 Bloodiest single day of the war.
  Confed. 14,000 cas. Union 12,500
• Consequences
• Prevents Southern recognition
• McClelland relieved of command
• Allows for Emancipation Proclamation 9/23/1862

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9
Emancipation Proclamation

• What it said
• Thousands of slaves flocked to the invading Union
  armies.
• Lincolns goal
• Eliminated any real possibility of a negotiated
  peace.
• Abolitionists reaction.
• Rise of the Copperheads.
• Europe reaction
• Prevents negotiated peace.

10
Fredericksburg

• Gen. Burnside,
• Confed. have fortified positions at top of ridge.
  Burnside orders repeated frontal charges. Union
  troops are slaughtered. More than 10,000
  casualties.
• 12,700 Union Cas. to 5,300 Confed. Casualties.
  Biggest disparity of casualties of any Major
  Civil War battle.
• Lincoln replaces Burnside with Hooker.
• Winter of 62-63 is low point for the Union.

11
Chancellorsville

• May 1863. Fighting Joe Hooker takes over from
  Burnside and is beaten at Chancellorsville.
• 17000 Union Casualties. 13,000 Confed.
• Jacksons night march
• The fall of Jackson

12
Gettysburg

• Lees Plan
• Meade is replacing Hooker
• Terrain
• Culps Hill, Little Round Top, Big Round Top
• Day 1 July 1, 1863
• Day 2 Outcome still in doubt
• Day 3 Picketts Charge
• Lee forced to retreat back across the Potomac.
• 28,000 Confed. Casualties 23,000 Union
  Causalities.

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14
War in the West

• Western Strategy
• Grant
• Shiloh
• Vicksburg
• Battle of Chickamauga

15
Shermans March on Georgia

• Grant goes to the East and Sherman takes over in
  West
• Capture of Atlanta
• Slash and Burn Campaign
• Total War
• Captures Savannah Christmas 1864 Destruction of
  the city is vicious

16
Politics of War

• Election of 1864
• Split of Democrats
• Union Party
• Andrew Johnson
• DemocratsGeorge McClellan
• Soldier Vote
• Timely victories in Georgia
• Lincoln Wins 55-45

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18
Grant Outlasts Lee

• Grant takes over in the east after
• Grant advantage and strategy
• 5/64 Grant repeatedly tries to jump a march on
  Lee and get around his right. Lee forced to
  continually retreat to meet these threats.
• (5/64) Battle of the Wilderness U18,000Cas.
  Confed. 9000 Cas. Longstreet severely wounded by
  friendly fire.
• (5/12) Spotslvania--Union suffers 12,000 Cas.
  Confed. 8,000

19
Cold Harbor

• Cold Harbor6/64. Union attacks fortified
  Confederate position. 7,000 Union Casualties in
  about 7 min.
• In one month, Grant looses 50,000 (Wilderness to
  Cold Harbor ½ as many as lost by that army in
  the prior 3 years)
• Grant drives Lee back to Petersburg. Lee builds
  trenches and fortifications. Grant has to lay in
  siege. Grant is in miles of Richmond, but cant
  get at Lee. Seige lasts for 9 months.
• Northern troops captured Richmond and cornered
  Lee at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia in 1865.
  
• The war is over the rebels are our countrymen
  again.

20
The Martyrdom Of Lincoln

• Five days after Lees surrender, Lincoln shot by
  John Wilkes Booth at Fords Theater in Washington
  on April 14, 1865.
• Lincoln dies at the height of the Union Cause
• Ultimately, Lincolns death was bad for the
  south.
• Lincolns Legacy.