Literary Criticism

1
Literary Criticism

• Class 13

2

• Baudrillard

3

• Stage 1 The sign represents a basic reality.

4
http//www.modernbritishartists.co.uk/prints/Lowry
/st_philips_church_salford.jpg
5
http//www.bbc.co.uk/paintingtheweather/csv/painti
ng/lake.shtml
6
http//www.l-s-lowry.co.uk/salfordstreetscene.jpg
7
http//www.penmoor.btinternet.co.uk/mill.jpg
8

• Stage 2 The sign misrepresents or distorts the
  reality behind it.

9
http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jgrimshaw.JPG
10
http//colours-art-publishers.com/images/boar_lane
_leeds_by_lamplight_1881_by_atkinson_grimshaw.jpg
11
http//www.jimandellen.org/gothic/GrimshawHauntedH
ouse.jpg
12
http//images.google.com.tw/images?qatkinsonGrim
shawsvnum10hlzh-TWlrstart40saN
13

• Stage 3 The sign disguises the fact that there
  is no corresponding reality underneath.

14
http//k-punk.abstractdynamics.org/archives/magrit
te.jpg
15
http//www4.ncsu.edu/eos/users/c/ctkelley/www/magr
itte.cle-champs.jpg
16

• Stage 4 The sign bears no relation to any
  reality at all.

17
Mark Rothko No.16 1960 Orange Purplehttp//www.mu
seum-reproductions.com/cgi-bin/modern.pl?fid10403
01340cgifunctionform
18
ROTHKO,MarkRed, Orange, Tan and Purple,
1954http//www.painsley.org.uk/gallery/p2a6b.htm
19
http//darkwing.uoregon.edu/mbohm/arch610/image/M
y20images/purple_rothko.jpg
20

• Hassan, Ihab. Toward a Concept of
  Postmodernism. Postmodernism A Reader. Ed.
  Thomas Docherty. NY Columbia UP, 1993.

21
Paradigms and Syntagms
http//www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/sem03.ht
ml
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
hypotaxis

• Verse or prose in which "the temporal, logical,
  and syntactic relations between members and
  sentences are expressed by words (such as "when",
  "then", "because", "therefore") or phrases (such
  as "in order to", "as a result") or by the use of
  subordinate phrases and clauses is said to be
  hypotactic.

http//web.mala.bc.ca/guppy/crew410/parataxis.htm
26
parataxis

• Verse or prose which is based on the use of
  parallel statements which are placed one after
  another without any expression of their
  connection or relation (except, at most the
  noncommittal connective, "and") is said to be
  paratactic.
• http//web.mala.bc.ca/guppy/crew410/parataxis
  .htm

27
schizophrenia

• Lacan describes schizophrenia as a breakdown in
  the signifying chain, that is, the interlocking
  syntagmatic series of signifiers which
  constitutes an utterance or a meaning. . . .

F. Jameson, http//prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturer
s/jameson/excerpts/postmod.html
28
schizophrenia

• The connection between this kind of linguistic
  malfunction and the psyche of the schizophrenic
  may then be grasped by way of a twofold
  proposition first, that personal identity is
  itself the effect of a certain temporal
  unification of past and future with one's
  present and, second, that such active temporal
  unification is itself a function of language, or
  better still of the sentence, as it moves along
  its hermeneutic circle through time.

F. Jameson, http//prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturer
s/jameson/excerpts/postmod.html
29
schizophrenia

• If we are unable to unify the past, present, and
  future of the sentence, then we are similarly
  unable to unify the past, present, and future of
  our own biographical experience or psychic life.
  With the breakdown of the signifying chain,
  therefore, the schizophrenic is reduced to an
  experience of pure material signifiers, or, in
  other words, a series of pure and unrelated
  presents in time.

F. Jameson, http//prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturer
s/jameson/excerpts/postmod.html
30
root
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageROOTS1web.jpg
31
Rhizome
A usually-underground, horizontal stem of a plant
that often sends out roots and shoots from its
nodes. Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari used the
term "rhizome" to describe theory and research
that allows for multiple, non-hierarchical entry
and exit points in data representation and
interpretation. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image
Ginger.jpg
32

• A Critique
• Hutcheon, Linda. A Poetics of Postmodernism.
  London Routledge, 1988.

33

• Ihab Hassan, is fond of creating parallel
  columns that place characteristics of the one
  next to their opposite characteristics in the
  other, usually making clear his preference for
  the postmodern (Hutcheon 49).

34

• But this either/or thinking suggests a
  resolution of what I would see it as the
  unresolvable contradictions within postmodernism.
  For example I would see it less as a case of
  postmodern play versus modernist purposes, as
  Hassan claims, than as a case of play with
  purpose (Hatcheon 49).

35

• The same is true of all his oppositions
  postmodernism is the process of making the
  product it is absence within presence, it is
  dispersal that needs centering in order to be
  dispersal it is the ideolect that wants to be,
  but knows it cannot be, the master code it is
  immanence denying yet yearning for transcendence
  (Hutcheon 49).

36

• In other words, the postmodern partakes of a
  logic of both/and, not one of either/or
  (Hutcheon 49).

37

• The End