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INTRODUCTION TO THE SCOPE OF LITERARY CRITICISM

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Title: INTRODUCTION TO THE SCOPE OF LITERARY CRITICISM


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INTRODUCTION TO THE SCOPE OF LITERARY CRITICISM
  • WEEK 1
  • Literary Criticism
  • Sandya Maulana, S.S.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE SCOPE OF LITERARY CRITICISM
  • First of all, the main object of literary
    criticism is, of course, works of literature
    which include a variety of genres, such as the
    popular division of poetry, prose, and play
    (drama). Literary criticism may delve deeper into
    sub-genres and tendencies in literature, such as
    epic poems, science fiction, and Gothic novels.
    Literary criticism may also concern the history
    and establishment of a certain genre or tendency
    in literature. Literary criticism is generally
    written in prose form (and only a minuscule
    number of writers and critics chose to write
    criticism in the form of poems) and, as such,
    works of literary criticism may also be viewed as
    prose works, and therefore, literary works. This
    shows that the possibility of objects of literary
    criticism is expansive.
  • Literary criticism covers a number of activities
    that may be defined as acts of criticism, namely
    critically translating, summarizing, reviewing,
    giving opinions to, agreeing/disagreeing with,

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  • making suggestions to, supporting, attacking,
    specifying, and expanding upon an object
    mentioned in the first paragraph. Literary
    criticism is not only a criticism of literary
    works. It is also a criticism that is meant to be
    literary, in the sense that works of literary
    criticism are also works of literature and are
    subject to criticism. In turn, works of literary
    criticism influence the way people (and more
    specifically, critics) observe, analyze, and
    study works of literature. Literary criticism is
    an ever-developing science, since literary works
    and their significance in the world are always
    undergoing changes. Some works of literary
    criticism influence and inspire many critics and
    are debated throughout the course of history. At
    times, these works become guidance, methods, and
    approaches and are accepted as a variety of
    different theories as to how works of literature
    should be studied. The theories themselves are
    also open to debates, rebuttals, acceptance, and
    revisions. These theories give rise to the
    descriptive term of critical theory, a term of
    two different senses (1) a developing theory of
    literary criticism as well as (2) a theory that
    is critical of its existence, in a sense that it
    keeps on changing as far as history goes and is
    critical to its previous iterations.

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  • Literary criticism changes as history goes,
    people change, and literature develops. The
    development of literary criticism may be easily
    seen as a linear and chronological development,
    although this may not be the case since the
    literary criticism of an age does or does not
    directly influence the criticism of the next age.
    For example, Aristotles Poetics finds its major
    audience more than a thousand years later at the
    time of the Renaissance. Nevertheless, for the
    sake of simplicity and appreciation of history,
    this class will discuss the development of
    literary criticism more or less chronologically,
    through the ages and tendencies of literary
    criticism. The chronology will begin with the
    classical, Ancient Greek and Roman, literary
    criticism, and will end at the beginning of the
    twentieth century, where arguably modern and
    contemporary literary criticism begins. Each age
    will feature prominent critics of the era, their
    thoughts, and their significant works. It is also
    important to note that many of these writers
    works are very influential to the development of
    literary criticism. Thus, this class will also
    discuss the importance and influence of these
    critics and their works in the development and
    the present state of literary criticism.

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No. Materi Bacaan
1. Introduction to the Scope of Literary Criticism
2. The Classics of Critical Theory Ion (Plato), Poetics (Aristotle)
3. The Classics of Critical Theory, Once Again Art of Poetry and the Uses of Literature (Horace), On the Sublime (Longinus)
4. 1st Presentation Session Christian Doctrine and Literary Criticism St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas
5. 2nd Presentation Session Islamic Doctrine and Literary Criticism Ibnu Khaldun,
6. 3rd Presentation Session Renaissance Literary Criticism Continental Europe Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio
7. 4th Presentation Session Renaissance Literary Criticism England Sir Philip Sidney, Sir Francis Bacon
8. 5th Presentation Session 17th Century and the Restoration John Locke, Alexander Pope, John Dryden, Samuel Johnson
9. 6th Presentation Session The Age of Enlightenment Immanuel Kant, Mary Wollstonecraft
10. 7th Presentation Session Romantic Literary Criticism William Wordsworth, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
11. 8th Presentation Session Victorian Literary Criticism Matthew Arnold, Oscar Wilde, Henry James
12. 9th Presentation Session The Advent of Marxism Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels
13. 10th Presentation Session Towards the 20th Century Friedrich Nietzsche, Ferdinand Mongin de Saussure, T.S. Eliot,
14. Review and Afterword
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