Artificial recharge and Rain water harvesting

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Artificial recharge and Rain water harvesting
Case studies in Kerala

• A.Subburaj,Scientist-D
• Central Ground Water Board
• Kerala Region,Trivandrum

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Major causes for scarcity

• Rainfall pattern
• Geomorphological set up
• Drainage
• Sand mining
• Hydro geological factors
• Over exploitation
• Reclamation of land for settlement

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Definition

• Augmentation of ground water reservoir by man
  made structures by using rain water.
• Rain Water Harvesting is deliberate collection
  and storage of rain water

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Methods of Artificial Recharge

• a.Direct surface techniques
• . Flooding
• . Basins or percolation tanks
• . Stream augmentation
• . Ditch and furrow system
• . Over irrigation
• b.Direct subsurface techniques
• . Injection wells or Recharge wells
• . Recharge pits and shafts
• . Dug well recharge
• . Bore hole flooding
• . Natural openings,cavity filling
• c.Combination of Surface-Subsurface techniques
• . Basin or percolation tanks with pit shaft or
  wells
• d. Indirect Techniques
• . Induced recharge from surface water source
• .Aquifer modification

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Rain water Harvesting

• a.Storage of rain water on surface for future use
• b.Recharge to ground water
• Pits
• Trenches
• Dug wells
• Hand pumps
• Recharge wells
• Recharge shafts
• Lateral shafts with bore wells
• Spreading techniques

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Benifits

• An ideal solution to water problems in areas
  having inadequate water resources
• The ground water level will rise
• Mitigates the effects of drought achieves
  drought proofings
• Reduces the runoff which chokes the storm water
  drains
• Flooding of roads and low land areas are reduces
• Quality of water improves
• Soil erosion will be reduced
• Saving of energy per well for lifting of ground
  water-a one meter rise in water level saves about
  0.40 KWH of electricity.

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Cost
S.No Recharge structure Approximate cost (in Rs)
1 Recharge pit 2500-5000
2 Recharge trench 5000-10000
3 Recharge through hand pump 1500-2500
4 Recharge through dug well 5000-8000
5 Recharge well 50000-80000
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Case studies
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