European Middle Ages, 5001200

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European Middle Ages, 5001200
Chapter Overview
Time Line
Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne
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SECTION
MAP
Feudalism in Europe
2
SECTION
GRAPH
The Age of Chivalry
3
SECTION
The Church Wields Power
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SECTION
Visual Summary
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European Middle Ages, 5001200
After Charlemagnes empire dissolves, people look
to local leaders for protection from invaders.
Feudalism and knighthood develop as a result of
this need for protection. Later kings fail to
revive Charlemagnes empire. They struggle with
the Church for power.
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European Middle Ages, 5001200
Time Line
732 Charles Martel stops Muslim invasion.
900s Outside invasions spur growth of feudalism.
1190 Holy Roman Empire weakens.
511 Clovis unites Franks under Christian rule.
800 Charlemagne crowned emperor by the pope.
962 Otto the Great crowned emperor.
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Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne
MAP
Key Idea
Invasions cause the fall of the Roman Empire,
which is replaced by small kingdoms. The leader
of the Frankish kingdom converts to Christianity.
This religion spreads through western Europe as
the Frankish kingdom expands. Charlemagne builds
the Frankish kingdom into an empire.
Overview
Assessment
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Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne
MAP
Overview
Middle Ages Franks monastery secular
Carolingian Dynasty Charlemagne
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman
Empire were reunited under Charlemagnes empire.
Charlemagne spread Christian civilization through
northern Europe, where it had a permanent impact.
Assessment
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Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne
MAP
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Summarize how each person listed below
helped spread Christianity.
Converted himself and his army
Wrote rule book for monasteries
Extended papal power blended church and
government power
Defeated Muslims at Battle of Tours
Spread Christianity through conquests was
crowned emperor by pope
continued . . .
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Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne
MAP
1
Section
Assessment
2. After the fall of the Roman Empire, learning
declined. How was this trend offset during the
early Middle Ages? THINK ABOUT
the establishment of monasteries
Charlemagnes accomplishments
ANSWER
Monks opened schools, maintained libraries,
copied books, and wrote scholarly works.
Charlemagne opened a palace school and supported
learning.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne
MAP
1
Section
Assessment
3. How does Charlemagnes empire in medieval
Europe compare with the Roman Empire? THINK ABOUT
the extent of the empire
the spread of Christianity
how long each empire endured
ANSWER

• Charlemagnes empire covered parts of western
  Europe, a much smaller area than the Roman
  Empire.
• Both empires helped spread Christianity.
• Charlemagnes empire lasted only 75 years, while
  the Roman Empire endured for nearly 600 years.

Possible Responses
End of Section 1
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Feudalism in Europe
GRAPH
Key Idea
New invasions create chaos in western Europe.
People look to local leaders, rather than to a
central ruler, for protection. The system of
feudalism develops, in which protection is
provided in exchange for land or labor. Social
classes become well defined under this system.
Overview
Assessment
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Feudalism in Europe
GRAPH
Overview
lord fief vassal knight serf
manor tithe
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Europeans developed feudalism, a political and
military system of protective alliances and
relationships.
The rights and duties of feudal relationships
helped shape todays forms of representative
government.
Assessment
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Feudalism in Europe
GRAPH
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Explain the reasons why feudalism
developed, and describe its consequences.
Magyar, Muslim, and Viking invasions decline of
centralized government
Increased emphasis on warfare and the control of
land well-defined social classes
continued . . .
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Feudalism in Europe
GRAPH
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Section
Assessment
2. What benefits do you think a medieval manor
provided to the serfs who lived there? What were
the drawbacks? THINK ABOUT
the duties and rights of serfs
serfs living conditions
ANSWER
Benefits Fulfilled basic needs for food,
shelter, and protection provided security and a
sense of belonging to a community Drawbacks
Limited freedom backbreaking labor no awareness
of the outside world poor living conditions
Possible Responses
End of Section 2
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The Age of Chivalry
Key Idea
Feudal lords create private armies of knights,
who live by a complex set of ideals that guide
behavior. Warfare is brutal, but poems idealize
the life of a knight. In literature and songs,
women are glorified as objects of romantic love.
In reality most women are powerless.
Overview
Assessment
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The Age of Chivalry
Overview
chivalry tournament troubadour
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The code of chivalry for knights glorified combat
and romantic love.
Chivalry has shaped modern ideas of romance in
Western cultures.
Assessment
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The Age of Chivalry
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List ideas associated with chivalry.
courtly love
courage
war games for glory
epic poems
horses as status symbols
Christian faith
loyalty
courtesy
women on pedestal
continued . . .
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The Age of Chivalry
3
Section
Assessment
2. Do you think the idea of romantic love helped
or hindered women? Why? THINK ABOUT
pros and cons of placing women on a pedestal
the Churchs view of women
the lyrics of love songs quoted in the text
ANSWER
Helped women Showed new respect and admiration
made the love between men and women more
important offset Churchs dim view of women
Hindered women Fostered unrealistic visions of
women encouraged a distant admiration of women
instead of a respect for womens abilities and
ideas valued unrequited love over relationships
or marriage applied to very few women
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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The Age of Chivalry
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Section
Assessment
3. What positive effects might the code of
chivalry have had on feudal society? THINK ABOUT
the ideals of chivalry
the education of a knight
the importance of religious faith
the violence and constant warfare during the
Middle Ages
ANSWER
taught boys about courtesy and honor
softened the brutality of a warlike
society created guidelines for social
behavior encouraged the virtues of loyalty,
faith, and bravery inspired great literature
Possible Responses
End of Section 3
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The Church Wields Power
Key Idea
German kings attempts to revive Charlemagnes
empire and his alliance with the Church by
invading Italy fail. The Church resents the power
German kings have to appoint church officials.
Overview
Assessment
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The Church Wields Power
Overview
clergy sacrament canon law Holy Roman
Empire lay investiture
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Church leaders and political leaders competed for
power and authority.
Today many religious leaders still voice their
opinions on political issues.
Assessment
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The Church Wields Power
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. The dates below were significant during
the Holy Roman Empire. Explain the importance of
each date shown.
Otto I crowned king.
Henry IVs journey to Canossa (power struggle)
Frederick Is empire breaks up into feudal states.
Otto I crowned emperor.
Concordat of Worms (power struggle)
continued . . .
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The Church Wields Power
4
Section
Assessment
2. Do you think the Concordat of Worms was a fair
compromise for both the emperor and the Church?
Why or why not? THINK ABOUT
the Churchs authority in spiritual matters
the emperors political power
the problems that remained unresolved
ANSWER
Yes. It gave the Church the right to appoint
bishops. No. The emperor still had ultimate
control over the appointment of bishops.
Possible Responses
End of Section 4