Chapter 5, Section 4

1
Chapter 5, Section 4

• The Spread of Greek Culture

2
Section Introduction

• This section describes the spread of Hellenistic
  culture in the wake of Alexanders empire and the
  achievements of many great philosophers, writers,
  and scientists.

3
Terms To Know

• Epicureanism belief that people should seek out
  pleasure to be happy
• Stoicism belief that people should follow reason
  and do their duty to find happiness

4
Terms To Know

• astronomer person who studies the stars,
  planets, and other heavenly bodies
• Plane geometry branch of math that shows how
  points, lines, angles, and surfaces relate to one
  another
• solid geometry branch of math that studies
  spheres and cylinders

5
People to Meet
6

The Spread of Greek Culture
Greek Culture Spreads

• Philosophers, poets, scientists, and writers
  moved to the new Greek cities in southwest Asia,
  particularly Alexandria, during the Hellenistic
  Era.

• Hellenistic kings wanted to make their cities
  like those in Greece, so they hired Greek
  architects and sculptors.

• The writers of the Hellenistic Era produced a
  large body of literature.

(page 183)
7

The Spread of Greek Culture
Greek Culture Spreads (cont.)

• Appolonius wrote the epic poem Argonautica,
  recounting the legend of Jason and his band of
  heroes.

• Theocritus wrote short poems about beauty and
  nature.

• Athenians still created plays, but the plays of
  the Hellenistic Era were about love and
  relationships.

(page 183)
8

The Spread of Greek Culture

Why were the cities of southwest Asia lands of
opportunity for artisans, scientists,
philosophers, and writers?
The rulers of these cities wanted them to be like
the cultural centers of Greece. To achieve that
goal, the rulers needed the services of artisans,
scientists, philosophers, and writers.
9

The Spread of Greek Culture
Philosophy

• Epicurus, the founder of Epicureanism, taught
  that happiness was the goal of life.

• Stoicism was developed by a Phoenician named
  Zeno.

• This philosophy believes that happiness comes
  from reason, not emotions.

(page 184)
10

The Spread of Greek Culture

How does our definition of epicurean today differ
from the Hellenistic Era definition?
Today the word means love of physical pleasure.
In the Hellenistic Era, the word meant pleasure
from spending time with friends and not worrying.
11

The Spread of Greek Culture
Greek Science and Math

• Astronomers study the stars, planets, and other
  heavenly bodies.

• Aristarchus was an astronomer who claimed that
  the sun was at the center of the universe and
  that Earth revolved around the sun.

• Eratosthenes was an astronomer who believed that
  the earth was round and measured Earths
  circumference.

(pages 185186)
12

The Spread of Greek Culture
Greek Science and Math (cont.)

• Euclid, one of the most famous Greek
  mathematicians, described plane geometry.

• Plane geometry is the
  study of points, lines,
  angles, and surfaces.

• Archimedes was the
  most famous scientist of
  the Hellenistic
  Era.

(pages 185186)
13

The Spread of Greek Culture

Greek Science and Math (cont.)

• He worked on solid geometrythe study of spheres
  and cylinders.

• He also determined the value of pi, a number used
  to measure the area of circles.

• Archimedes invented the catapult, among other
  weapons.

(pages 185186)
14

Chapter 5, Section 4 Greek Science and Math
(pages 185186)

Earth circles the sun
Solid geometry
Major Contributions of Hellenistic Scientists
pi lever catapult
Earth is round
Plane geometry
15

The Spread of Greek Culture

What did other astronomers believe about
Aristarchus idea that the sun was at the center
of the universe?
Other scientists thought Aristarchus was wrong.
They believed Earth was the center of the
universe. They thought the sun revolved around
Earth.
16

The Spread of Greek Culture
Why did the city of Alexandria attract scholars?
Alexandria had a large library and museum.
17

The Spread of Greek Culture
Describe the form of philosophy developed by Zeno.
He developed Stoicism, which states happiness
comes from following reason and duty is important.
18

The Spread of Greek Culture

Compare and Contrast How were the comedies of
the Hellenistic Era and those of Greeces Golden
Age similar and different?
Similar made people laugh Different focused on
love and relationships, not criticizing people in
power
19

What were the differences between Epicureanism
and Stoicism? Epicureans believed that happiness
came from seeking out pleasure. Stoics believed
that happiness came from following reason and
doing your duty.

20
Review

Who was the most famous scientist of the
Hellenistic Era? What did he contribute? Archime
des he worked on solid geometry and figured out
the value of pi.
21

The Spread of Greek Culture

Analyze How would knowledge of geometry be
helpful to the Greeks?
It helped them to construct buildings and
bridges, determine distances, and design machines.
22

The Spread of Greek Culture
Identify What did the Epicureans believe about
happiness?
They believed that happiness is the goal of life.