SOL REVIEW

1
SOL REVIEW

• GOVERNMENT

2
What agreement signed by the male settlers at
Plymouth helped establish the notion of
self-government in the Americas?

• The Mayflower Compact

3
Where did the Puritans practice a form of direct
democracy?

• At Town Meetings

4
What was the first elected assembly (lawmaking
body) in the New World?

• The House of Burgesses

5
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?

• Forbid American colonists to move west of the
  Appalachian Mountains

6
What is the name of Great Britains lawmaking
body?

• Parliament

7
Who issued the Proclamation of 1763?

• The British government
• or King George III

8
Who wrote Common Sense?

• Thomas Paine

9
What did Common Sense say?

• Challenged the rule of the American colonies by
  the King of England

10
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

• Thomas Jefferson

11
Who was John Locke?

• English political philosopher
• Lockes ideas influenced Thomas Jefferson

12
Who wrote that government should protect Life,
Liberty, and Property?

• John Locke

13
Who wrote that all men have the right to Life,
Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness?

• Thomas Jefferson

14
Whose ideas did Thomas Jefferson borrow when he
wrote the Declaration of Independence?

• John Locke
• Thomas Paine

15

• What is a republic?
• A representative democracy

16

• What is the basic principle of republican
  government?
• The people elect representatives who make the
  laws.

17

• What was the first attempt at workable government
  in the United States?
• The Articles of Confederation

18

• What was wrong with the government under the
  Articles of Confederation?
• It was too weak!

19

• What does the legislative branch of a government
  do?
• Makes the laws

20

• What does the judicial branch of a government do?
• Interprets or explains the meaning of the laws

21

• What does the executive branch do?
• Enforces the laws

22
What was the Virginia Plan?

• A framework proposed by the Virginia delegation
  to the Constitutional Convention under which the
  national government would have a legislature
  consisting of two houses. Representation in both
  houses would be based on population. Big states
  would have more representatives.

23
What was the New Jersey Plan?

• A framework proposed by the New Jersey delegation
  to the Constitutional Convention under which the
  national government would have a legislature
  consisting of one house. Under the New Jersey
  Plan each state had one vote. This plan
  benefited small states.

24
What was the Great Compromise or Connecticut
Compromise?

• A plan providing for a two-house Congress in
  which the people would be represented in a House
  of Representatives and the states in the Senate.
  In other words, the House of Rep. would be based
  on population, while each state would have 2 U.S.
  senators.

25
Which one became part of the Constitution the
Va. Plan, the N.J. Plan, or the Great Compromise?

• The Great Compromise

26
What was the Great Compromise or Connecticut
Compromise?

• A plan providing for a two-house Congress in
  which the people would be represented in a House
  of Representatives and the states in the Senate.
  In other words, the House of Rep. would be based
  on population, while each state would have 2 U.S.
  senators.

27
What is federalism?

• The division of power in the United States
  between the national government and the state
  governments.

28
Who leads the executive branch of the federal
government?

• The President

29
Who leads the judicial branch of the federal
government?

• The Supreme Court

30
What is the name of the legislative branch of the
federal government?

• Congress

31
What are the two houses of Congress?

• The House of Representatives
• The United States Senate

32
How is a states membership in the Senate decided?

• Two senators from each state

33
How is a states membership in the House of Rep.
Decided?

• By Population States with large populations have
  more representatives than states with small
  populations.

34
What is separation of powers?

• The division of power among different branches of
  government.

35
What is the checks and balances system?

• A system of government by which each branch of
  government can check or stop the actions of the
  other branches

36

• How many of the states had to ratify or approve
  the Constitution before it could take effect?
• 9

37
What is the Bill of Rights?

• The first ten amendments to the Constitution

38
What was the basic idea of the Virginia
Declaration of Rights?

• That government should not violate basic human
  rights.

39
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights?

• George Mason

40
Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?

• Thomas Jefferson

41

• What two documents did Madison consult when he
  was working on the Bill of Rights?
• The Virginia Declaration of Rights and the
  Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom

42
What did the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom do?

• Outlawed the established church in Virginia
• Supported the idea of freedom of religion

43
What rights does the First Amendment guarantee?

• Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom
  of religion, freedom of assembly, and the right
  of petition

44
What does the term ratify mean?

• Approve

45
To what did the phrase ratification of the
Constitution refer?

• 9 of the states approving the Constitution so
  that it would take effect

46
What First Amendment freedom allows people to
gather at public meetings?

• Freedom of Assembly

47
What First Amendment freedom allows Americans to
make written requests to make changes in the
government?

• Freedom of Petition

48
On what document was the Bill of Rights based?

• The Virginia Declaration of Rights

49
What is a constitutional amendment?

• An addition to the Constitution

50
Define political party.

• A group of people with similar beliefs about how
  to run the government.

51
Who led the Federalists?

• Alexander Hamilton
• John Adams

52
What were the beliefs of the Federalists?

• Strong national government
• Industrial economy (factories or manufacturing)

53
Who led the Republicans?

• Thomas Jefferson
• James Madison

54
What were the beliefs of the Democratic-Republican
s?

• Weak national government
• Strong state governments
• Agricultural economy (farming)

55
Who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
during the first 30 years of the 19th century?

• John Marshall

56
Why were the Marshall courts decisions important?

• Made the federal courts a co-equal branch of the
  United States government

57
How did the Supreme Court rule in Marbury v.
Madison?

• Declared a federal law unconstitutional

58
What is the power of judicial review?

• A courts power to declare a law unconstitutional

59
What is the Supreme Courts main check on the
power of Congress?

• Judicial Review

60
How did the Marshall court rule in McCulloch v.
Maryland?

• Forbid the states from taxing agencies of the
  federal government
• Declared a Maryland state law unconstitutional

61
Who said the power to tax is the power to
destroy?

• John Marshall

62
Why was McCulloch v. Maryland important?

• Established the power of the federal government
  over the states
• Strengthened the federal courts power of
  judicial review

63
What is a republic?

• A Representative Democracy
• The People elect representatives to make the laws

64
What is a bill?

• A proposed law

65
What is an act?

• A Law

66
What political party was formed in opposition to
the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

• The Republican Party

67
What was the Supreme Courts decision in the Dred
Scott case?
68

• Since Dred Scott was a slave, he could not sue in
  federal court
• African-Americans were not citizens of the United
  States
• Since Congress had no power to prohibit slavery
  in the territories, the Missouri Compromise was
  unconstitutional

69
What did the Dred Scott decision say about the
Missouri Compromise?

• The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.

70
In Dred Scott v. Sandford did the Supreme Court
rule that Scott should remain a slave or gain his
freedom?

• Remain a slave

71
What power did the Supreme Court use in Dred
Scott v. Sandford?

• The power of judicial review

72
By the end of the 1850s, what did Southerners
argue states could do?

• States could nullify laws passed by Congress
• States could secede from the Union

73
What did it mean for a state to nullify a law?

• Void it
• Do Away with it

74
What did it mean for a state to secede?

• Leave the Union

75
What did several Southern states do, when Lincoln
won the 1860 presidential election?

• Seceded from the Union

76
What constitutional debate did the Civil War
involve?

• Federal Power vs. States Rights

77
What country did the seceded Southern states form
in 1861?

• The Confederate States of America or
• The Confederacy

78
What did it mean for a state to secede from the
Union?

• Leave the Union, or
• Withdraw from the Union

79
What was the period when the federal government
tried to rebuild the South and restore the Union
after the Civil War?

• Reconstruction

80
Define impeachment.

• Bringing an official to trial for misconduct in
  office

81
Under the Constitution, which house of Congress
can impeach the President?

• The House of Representatives

82
Under the Constitution, which house of Congress
sits as the jury at a Presidents impeachment
trial?

• The Senate

83
Under the Constitution, which house of Congress
can remove the President from office?

• The Senate

84
What proportion of senators must vote to convict
the President in order to remove him from office?

• 2/3

85
Which constitutional amendments are the
Reconstruction amendments?

• 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments

86
Identify the 13th Amendment.

• Freed the Slaves

87
Identify 14th Amendment.

• Granted citizenship to African-Americans
• Forbid the states from denying any American
  equal protection of the laws

88
Identify the 15th Amendment.

• Gave African-American males the right to vote

89
What are the key words to remember the
Reconstruction Amendments?

• 13th Freedom
• 14th Citizenship
• 15th Vote

90
What does one call the group of people who cast
the official votes for president and vice
president?

• The Electoral College

91
How many electoral votes does each state have?

• 2 for senators of representatives in House

92
Identify the Compromise of 1877.

• A political deal between Southern Democrats and
  northern Republicans
• Democrats supported Rutherford Hayes election as
  President and Republicans ended the military
  occupation of the South

93
What was the 1862 Homestead Act?

• Law that gave free public land to settlers in the
  western territories
• Settlers promised to live on and farm this land
  for five years

94

• What type of reforms were the 17th Amendment and
  anti-trust laws?
• Progressive reforms on the national level.

95

• What was the 17th Amendment?
• Direct election of United States senators

96

• Name a leader of the Womens Suffrage Movement.
• Susan B. Anthony

97

• Which constitutional amendment gave women the
  right to vote?
• 19th Amendment

98

• How did the Supreme Court rule in 1896 in the
  case of Plessy v. Ferguson?
• Racial segregation was constitutional (legal).

99

• What doctrine was established by the Supreme
  Courts decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?
• The Separate But Equal Doctrine

100

• What is another word for the right to vote?
• Suffrage

101

• Who were the Muckrakers?
• Progressive writers who wrote about social and
  political evils in late 19th and early 20th
  century America.

102
What legislative body ratifies treaties?

• United States Senate

103
What vote is needed in the Senate to ratify a
treaty?

• 2/3

104

• What political scandal forced President Nixon to
  resign from office?
• Watergate