Chapter 12: Motivation and Work

1
Chapter 12 Motivation and Work
Youre the one!
Eat Something!
Work Harder
Keep Moving Forward
What Moves You?
100
2
1. When salmon are motivated to swim upstream to
mate and die, it is called

• A) instinct.
• B) homeostasis.
• C) an incentive.
• D) extrinsic motivation.

3
2. Drive reduction explains motivation by
stressing our biological need to sustain

• A) a state of biological need.
• B) drive equilibrium.
• C) homeostasis.
• D) a high level of arousal.

4
3. ___ is to push as ___ is to pull.

• A) drive incentive
• B) instinct drive
• C) arousal homeostasis
• D) incentive motivation

5
4. People are often motivated to seek out
stimulation. This is explained by the ___
theory.

• A) incentive
• B) drive
• C) attention
• D) arousal

6
According to Abraham Maslow, some of our
motivation must be attributable to

• A) meeting our basic psychological needs first.
• B) our desire to be the best we can be.
• C) wish fulfillment of our wants.
• D) sensation seeking.

7
6. Experimental rats were made to become obese by

• A) stimulating the lower-mid hypothalamus.
• B) destroying the lower-mid hypothalamus.
• C) blocking the production of Ghrelin.
• D) forcing them to watch the Cooking Network.

8
7. The bodys weight thermostat keeps us from
deviating much from our current weight, keeping
us at our

• A) natural body type.
• B) homeostatic equilibrium.
• C) set point.
• D) healthiest level.

9
8. Nausea for certain foods during pregnancy
peaks around the 10th week. This may be adaptive
because the fetus

• A) is more vulnerable to toxins.
• B) is moving more in the womb.
• C) is developing its own sense of taste.
• D) none of the above.

10
9. People with ____ experience extreme episodes
of binge eating, followed by purging through
laxatives or vomiting.

• A) anorexia nervosa
• B) binge-purge disorder
• C) bulimia nervosa
• D) weight cycling

11
10. Because eating disorders such as anorexia are
more common in the US, and not in India,
suggests

• A) eating meat contributes to eating disorders.
• B) the amount of media viewed contributes to
  eating disorders.
• C) India has a more effective treatment.
• D) thinness is valued differently by our culture.

12
11. After orgasm, the male experiences the
typical response of

• A) sexual orientation.
• B) heightened arousal.
• C) leaving quietly.
• D) a refractory period.

13
12. For women, the addition of the hormone
testosterone is used therapeutically in order to

• A) increase facial hair.
• B) increase sexual arousal.
• C) increase aggression.
• D) nothing, this is a male hormone and not used
  with women.

14
13. Viewing X-rated films effects most people by

• A) reducing interest in sex with their partners.
• B) increasing interest in sex with their
  partners.
• C) encouraging sex outside of their marriage.
• D) having no significant effect on the
  relationship.

15
14. American teen-age females have less sex than
Europeans, but have greater rates of pregnancy
due to

• A) lack of sex education.
• B) greater guilt related to sexual activity.
• C) TV portrayals of unprotected sex without
  consequences.
• D) all of the above.

16
15. Based on scientific evidence, most
psychologists believe that homosexuality

• A) is a psychological disorder.
• B) is caused by faulty parenting.
• C) is inborn, has genetic roots, and is resistant
  to change.
• D) is caused by peer pressure and recruiting by
  other gays.

17
16. Between the anxiety of being overwhelmed and
stressed and the apathy of being bored is the
state of

• A) homeostasis.
• B) flow.
• C) meditation.
• D) bliss.

18
17. The field of psychology which applies
psychological concepts to the work setting is

• A) clinical psychology.
• B) personnel psychology.
• C) business psychology.
• D) industrial-organizational psychology.

19
18. Which of the following is least effective in
selecting the best employee?

• A) work samples
• B) unstructured interview
• C) job knowledge tests
• D) past performance history

20
19. The results of Robert Owens management of a
cotton-mill in Scotland was a landmark study
which illustrated

• A) the positive correlation between job
  satisfaction and productivity.
• B) hiring the right people can make a significant
  difference in productivity.
• C) reward and punishment techniques could be
  applied to the workplace.
• D) a strong leader is more effective at getting
  the job done.

21
20. The leadership style called ___, is best for
building morale.

• A) charismatic leadership
• B) task leadership
• C) social leadership
• D) command-and-control leadership

22
21. Most people who are very happy, attribute it
to

• A) social status.
• B) achievement motivation.
• C) close, satisfying relationships.
• D) financial wealth.

23
22. Masters and Johnson identified four stages of
the human sexual response cycle, which included
all of the following except

• A) orgasm.
• B) excitement.
• C) stimulation.
• D) plateau.

24
23. When a supervisor likes an employee, the
supervisors ratings may be biased to rate the
employee higher than deserved. This is called

• A) social management.
• B) brown nose outcome.
• C) prejudicial treatment.
• D) a halo error.

25
24 Allen and Gorski (1992) conclude that
anatomy influences sexual orientation. They
found the ___ is 1/3 larger in homosexual men.

• A) cranial diameter
• B) anterior commissure
• C) shoe size
• D) speech center

26
25. There is evidence that eating disorders have
the following as contributing causes except

• A) childhood sexual abuse.
• B) genetics.
• C) culture.
• D) poor self esteem.

27
Answers
Stop here, or continue as a review
28
1. When salmon are motivated to swim upstream to
mate and die, it is called

• A) instinct.
• B) homeostasis.
• C) an incentive.
• D) extrinsic motivation.

470
29
2. Drive reduction explains motivation by
stressing our biological need to sustain

• A) a state of biological need.
• B) drive equilibrium.
• C) homeostasis.
• D) a high level of arousal.

471
30
3. ___ is to push as ___ is to pull.

• A) drive incentive
• B) instinct drive
• C) arousal homeostasis
• D) incentive motivation

471
31
4. People are often motivated to seek out
stimulation. This is explained by the ___
theory.

• A) incentive
• B) drive
• C) attention
• D) arousal

472
32
According to Abraham Maslow, some of our
motivation must be attributable to

• A) meeting our basic psychological needs first.
• B) our desire to be the best we can be.
• C) wish fulfillment of our wants.
• D) sensation seeking.

472
33
6. Experimental rats were made to become obese by

• A) stimulating the lower-mid hypothalamus.
• B) destroying the lower-mid hypothalamus.
• C) blocking the production of Ghrelin.
• D) forcing them to watch the Cooking Network.

475
34
7. The bodys weight thermostat keeps us from
deviating much from our current weight, keeping
us at our

• A) natural body type.
• B) homeostatic equilibrium.
• C) set point.
• D) healthiest level.

476
35
8. Nausea for certain foods during pregnancy
peaks around the 10th week. This may be adaptive
because the fetus

• A) is more vulnerable to toxins.
• B) is moving more in the womb.
• C) is developing its own sense of taste.
• D) none of the above.

478
36
9. People with ____ experience extreme episodes
of binge eating, followed by purging through
laxatives or vomiting.

• A) anorexia nervosa
• B) binge-purge disorder
• C) bulimia nervosa
• D) weight cycling

478
37
10. Because eating disorders such as anorexia are
more common in the US, and not in India,
suggests

• A) eating meat contributes to eating disorders.
• B) the amount of media viewed contributes to
  eating disorders.
• C) India has a more effective treatment.
• D) thinness is valued differently by our culture.

479
38
11. After orgasm, the male experiences the
typical response of

• A) sexual orientation.
• B) heightened arousal.
• C) leaving quietly.
• D) a refractory period.

483
39
12. For women, the addition of the hormone
testosterone is used therapeutically in order to

• A) increase facial hair.
• B) increase sexual arousal.
• C) increase aggression.
• D) nothing, this is a male hormone and not used
  with women.

484
40
13. Viewing X-rated films effects most people by

• A) reducing interest in sex with their partners.
• B) increasing interest in sex with their
  partners.
• C) encouraging sex outside of their marriage.
• D) having no significant effect on the
  relationship.

485
41
14. American teen-age females have less sex than
Europeans, but have greater rates of pregnancy
due to

• A) lack of sex education.
• B) greater guilt related to sexual activity.
• C) TV portrayals of unprotected sex without
  consequences.
• D) all of the above.

487
42
15. Based on scientific evidence, most
psychologists believe that homosexuality

• A) is a psychological disorder.
• B) is caused by faulty parenting.
• C) is inborn, has genetic roots, and is resistant
  to change.
• D) is caused by peer pressure and recruiting by
  other gays.

492
43
16. Between the anxiety of being overwhelmed and
stressed and the apathy of being bored is the
state of

• A) homeostasis.
• B) flow.
• C) meditation.
• D) bliss.

498
44
17. The field of psychology which applies
psychological concepts to the work setting is

• A) clinical psychology.
• B) personnel psychology.
• C) business psychology.
• D) industrial-organizational psychology.

499
45
18. Which of the following is least effective in
selecting the best employee?

• A) work samples
• B) unstructured interview
• C) job knowledge tests
• D) past performance history

502
46
19. The results of Robert Owens management of a
cotton-mill in Scotland was a landmark study
which illustrated

• A) the positive correlation between job
  satisfaction and productivity.
• B) hiring the right people can make a significant
  difference in productivity.
• C) reward and punishment techniques could be
  applied to the workplace.
• D) a strong leader is more effective at getting
  the job done.

506
47
20. The leadership style called ___, is best for
building morale.

• A) charismatic leadership
• B) task leadership
• C) social leadership
• D) command-and-control leadership

508
48
21. Most people who are very happy, attribute it
to

• A) social status.
• B) achievement motivation.
• C) close, satisfying relationships.
• D) financial wealth.

495
49
22. Masters and Johnson identified four stages of
the human sexual response cycle, which included
all of the following except

• A) orgasm.
• B) excitement.
• C) stimulation.
• D) plateau.

482
50
23. When a supervisor likes an employee, the
supervisors ratings may be biased to rate the
employee higher than deserved. This is called

• A) social management.
• B) brown nose outcome.
• C) prejudicial treatment.
• D) a halo error.

504
51
24 Allen and Gorski (1992) conclude that
anatomy influences sexual orientation. They
found the ___ is 1/3 larger in homosexual men.

• A) cranial diameter
• B) anterior commissure
• C) shoe size
• D) speech center

490
52
25. There is evidence that eating disorders have
the following as contributing causes except

• A) childhood sexual abuse.
• B) genetics.
• C) culture.
• D) poor self esteem.

479
53
Answers
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. D
11. D
12. B
13. A
14. D
15. C
16. B
17. D
18. B
19. A
20. C
21. C
22. C
23. D
24. B
25. A