Chapter 11: The Civil War

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Chapter 11 The Civil War
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Section 1 The Civil War Begins
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Anaconda Plan

• Blockade Southern ports no exporting cotton or
  importing manufactured goods

• Split Confederacy in 2 by using the Mississippi
  River
• Capture Richmond, VA

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Bull Run

• Inexperienced generals
• Stonewall Jackson
• Union had upper hand until Confederate
  reinforcement arrived
• Union retreated
• Led to confidence in the South

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Important Union Generals

• George McClellan (Head General)
• Very cautious
• Perfect situations
• Lincoln wanted to borrow McClellans army if the
  general wasnt going to use it.
• Ulysses S. Grant Unconditional Surrender
  Grant
• Fort Henry Donelson
• Shiloh
• David Farragut
• Seized New Orleans (largest seaport)

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Important Confederate Generals

• Robert E. Lee lead General
• Opposed secession and freed his slaves

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Shiloh

• Grants mistakes
• No trenches, guards or patrols
• Caught off guard Confederates came by woods
• Union was losing Grant recouped was
  reinforced
• South retreated
• Over 25,000 casualties
• Effects on warfare scout the area, did trenched
  build forts

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On to Richmond!

• Known as the Seven Days Battle
• McClellan marched down the Potomac River on the
  way to Richmond
• Robert E. Lee moved against McClellan to save
  Richmond
• Tactics unnerved McClellan who backed away

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Antietam

• McClellans Army found Lees army order in a
  meadow
• Revealed that Lee and Jacksons army were
  separated
• September 17, 1862
• McClellan attacked Lee
• Lee retreated
• McClellan did not pursue because he was too
  cautious
• Bloodiest battle in the war 26,000
• McClellan was fired 11/7/1862

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Section 2 The Politics of War
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Britain Remains Neutral

• No longer depended on South for cotton rather on
  the North for wheat and corn
• Traded ships with South
• At wars end, the US believed Britain owed money
  for ships sunk
• 1861 South sent 2 diplomats on a 2nd attempt to
  gain British support -- diplomats were arrested
• Britain demanded their freedom
• US did why?

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Lincoln believed the federal government did not
  have the power to abolish slavery where it
  already existed
• GOAL SAVE THE UNION

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• If I could save the Union without freeing any
  slave, I would do it and if I could save it by
  freeing all slaves, I would do it and if I could
  do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I
  would also do that

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Emancipation Proclamation

• All slaves behind Confederate lines where free
• Did not apply to Union states where slavery was
  legal
• Freed blacks were able to enlist in the Union
  Army
• Symbolic gesture Fight to free slaves
• Reaction
• Democrats claimed it would anger the south it
  did
• Became a war to the death

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Problems Faced

• Disloyalty and dissent
• Habeas corpus was suspended
• Copperheads
• Conscription - draft
• South
• white men ages 17 50
• Rich mans war, poor mans fight
• North
• Men from 20 45 for three years
• Hire substitutes or page 300 to avoid draft
• Offer of bounties

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New York Draft Riots

• The poor were in slums with disease
• Drafted to fight and free slave slaves taking
  their jobs
• 2/3 were Irish
• Lynched 11
• Ruined homes
• draft offices

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Section 3 Life During Wartime
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African-Americans

• 1862 serve in the military
• 10 of the Union Army
• Earned less then white soldiers then equal
• Killed if caught
• Many left for North
• Sabotaged farms or led uprisings

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Southern Economy

• Soldiers faced food shortage
• Drain of manpower into the army
• Union occupation of farms
• Loss of slaves
• Blockade created shortages of salt, coffee,
  nails, sugar, needles and medicine

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Northern Economy

• Industry boomed to keep up with war demand
• Wages were NOT good
• Women replaced men in the workforce
• Established temporary national income tax

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Soldiers

• Hygiene was poor
• Lice, dysentery and diarrhea
• Poor food rations

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Prisons

• Andersonville, GA Confederate camp
• Overcrowded with the North refused to return
  African-American soldiers
• No shelter
• Drank from streams/sewer
• Henry Wirz camp commander
• Northern camps were cold and soldiers malnourished

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Section 4 The North Takes Charge
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The Road to Gettysburg

• South had been successful at Fredericksburg and
  Chancellorsville
• Stonewall Jackson shot and later died
• South invaded the North
• Looking for
• supplies
• Shoe factory in
• Gettysburg

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Gettysburg

• Most decisive battle of the war
• Union troops took defensive position
• Lead by Gen. George Meade

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Gettysburg

• 3-day battle
• 51,000 casualties
• South would never recover

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Vicksburg

• Confederate soldiers were desperate
• Surrendered to Grant on July 4
• Union had complete control of the Mississippi

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Gettysburg Address

• Dedication to cemetery
• Delivered by Lincoln
• Helped people realize the US is a country, not a
  collection of states

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Southern Morale

• Farmers resented tax
• Soldiers deserted
• Some fought for Union
• Fighting within government

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Changes in US Army

• Gen. Grant becomes commander of Union Army
• Sherman commands the Mississippi
• Total war Military and civilians
• Made weapons, transported goods grew food
• Destroy the will of the people destroy the
  Confederacy

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Grant Lee in VA

• Grant continued to attack Lee
• North had the advantage because it has more
  people to replace the dead
• Whatever happens, there will be no turning back

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Shermans March

• Sherman wanted to take out transportation in
  Atlanta
• He was surrounded by Confederate army
• Led path of destruction and lived off of the land
• Burned most of Atlanta
• Southerners would be so sick of war that
  generations would pass away before they would
  again appeal to it.

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• Followed by 25,000 slaves
• Continued through SC
• In NC, gave food and supplies
• the end was near

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Election of 1864

• Democrats elected McClellan
• Angry at length of war
• Bitter for being fired
• Promise immediate armistice
• Radical Republicans did not support Lincolns
  plans to readmit the Confederates

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Election of 1864

• Lincoln Im going to be beatenunless some
  changes take place
• Lincoln won with 55

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Surrender at Appomattox

• Davis abandoned and burned capital
• Lee surrendered to Grant
• Generous terms for readmittance into the Union

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Section 5 The Legacy of the War
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Changes

• Increased federal governments political power
• Economic gap between N S

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Cost of War

• 620,000 died
• 535,000 wounded
• 1 soldier killed for every 4 slaves freed
• Many amputees
• 20 Billion